The popularization of the campus network provides the possibility for the realization of online sports teaching. Based on the current situation of college physical education, the existing electronic textbooks, individual technical education software, educational videos, and other resources are neatly integrated. It builds a sports network education platform that is helpful for students to learn and realizes open interactive education. Nowadays, with the development of the Internet, artificial intelligence technology has solved many problems for people. The learning model combining artificial intelligence and online education has also become a new trend of educational informatization. This paper is based on the BP neural network in artificial intelligence to explore the design of the college sports teaching system in school. The purpose of this paper is at developing an online learning system suitable for college sports, so as at improving the learning efficiency and learning experience of college sports students. This paper firstly introduces the background and research significance of online learning, the BP neural network. Then, it introduces the design of the BP neural network and online system; in this paper, a series of introductions are given to its structure, function, and recommendation algorithm. Afterwards, this paper tests the performance of the designed system and finds that the average response time of the system is 0.978 s. Finally, this paper does a questionnaire survey to the users of the learning system. It is found that both in the recognition and in the liking sections, the satisfaction of students and teachers is relatively high.