Course modularization applied: The interface system and its implications for sequence control and data analysis.

Abstract

The Interface System is a comprehensive method for developing and managing computer-assisted instructional courses or computer-managed instructional courses composed of sets of instructional modules. Each module is defined by one or more behavioral objectives and by a list of prerequisite modules that must be completed successfully before the specific module can be attempted. The system's key components are: 1) a standari general structure for all modules; 2) a consistent methcd of labeling logic and text elements; and 3) computer programs (presently written in COURSEWRITER with Assembly Language functions) to regulate inter-module student traffic and to execute system-controlled and student-controlled instructional decisions. (PB)

Knowledge Graphs

“…However, some trends are not reflected in current practice. Of particular note, quite a lot of the knowledge graphs defined in this period consider edges as denoting a form of dependence or causality, where x y may denote that x is a prerequisite for y [262,323,448] or that x leads to y [26,262,318,411,416,463]. In some cases and-or graphs are used to denote conjunctions or disjunctions of such relations [318], while in other cases edges are weighted to assign a belief to a relation [262,318,411].…”

“…Though the phrase "knowledge graph" has been used in the literature since at least 1972 [448], the modern incarnation of the phrase stems from the 2012 announcement of the Google Knowledge Graph [467], followed by further announcements of the development of knowledge graphs by Airbnb [83], Amazon [287], eBay [400], Facebook [372], IBM [123], LinkedIn [217], Microsoft [465], Uber [208], and more besides. The growing industrial uptake of the concept proved difficult for academia to ignore: more and more scientific literature is being published on knowledge graphs, which includes books (e.g.…”

Constructing Knowledge Graphs for Online Collaborative Programming

“…The phrase "knowledge graph" was initially used in 1972 [26] and the modern incarnation of the phrase originates from the Google Knowledge Graph in 2012 [27,28]. The knowledge graph is defined as a graph that represents realworld entities and their relationships [26].…”

“…The phrase "knowledge graph" was initially used in 1972 [26] and the modern incarnation of the phrase originates from the Google Knowledge Graph in 2012 [27,28]. The knowledge graph is defined as a graph that represents realworld entities and their relationships [26]. Entities can be real-world objects and abstract concepts, and their relationships represent the relationships among the entities [29].…”

Knowledge Graphs

“…Though the phrase "knowledge graph" has been used in the literature since at least 1972 [118], the modern incarnation of the phrase stems from the 2012 announcement of the Google Knowledge Graph [122], followed by further announcements of knowledge graphs by Airbnb, Amazon, eBay, Facebook, IBM, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Uber, and more besides [57,95]. The growing industrial uptake of the concept proved difficult for academia to ignore, with more and more scientific literature being published on knowledge graphs in recent years [32,77,100,105,106,140,144].…”