With the continuous improvement in medical science in modern times, the spread of bacterial infection has become a matter of global concern. Therefore, the search for biological medical materials with antibacterial function has become a focus of intense research. In this work, pure SnO 2 and Ag-doped SnO 2 hollow nanofibers were fabricated by a combination of an electrospinning method and a calcination procedure, and the effects of the doped Ag on antibacterial activity were subsequently investigated. Through the process of high-temperature calcination, a high heating rate would lead to the formation of a hollow tubular structure in SnO 2 fibers, and Ag 2 O would be reduced to Ag0 by a facile process with appropriate thermal treatment.Additionally, the existence of SnO 2 as a tetragonal rutile structure was confirmed. On the basis of pure SnO 2 , doping with silver greatly improved the antibacterial activity of hollow nanofibers. The formation mechanism and the antibacterial mechanism of pure SnO 2 and Ag-doped hollow nanofibers are also discussed. This study has broad application prospects for biological medicine.