Covalent immobilization of antibodies on electrochemically functionalized carbon surfaces

Abstract

International audienceA general method is described for the covalent attachment to carbon surfaces of sensitive biomolecules such as antibodies. First, N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated carbon surfaces are prepared by a step by step method involving an electrografting process and a monoprotected homobifunctional linker to ensure a good control of the surface modification. Then, antibodies are introduced, at the last step of the modification procedure, under native conditions at physiological pH, to minimize their denaturation. Comparison with a classical method involving a homobifunctional linker shows a decrease of the degree of coverage of the surface by antibodies, explained by the formation of bridged structures by the linker

Poly-l-lysine-modified boron-doped diamond electrodes for the amperometric detection of nucleic acid bases

“…So far, several amination methods of diamond surface have been proposed [36][37][38][39]. In general, they require: (I) etching by NH 3 plasma in a specific reactor [39], (II) chemical modification with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane [40], (III) photochemical reaction of amino molecules containing a vinyl group [41], or (IV) diazonium functionalization [42][43][44]. It is apparent that there is a need to develop a simple procedure with better sensitivity, and to achieve a good linear sensing range.…”

Covalent Modification of Glassy Carbon Surfaces by Using Electrochemical and Solid‐Phase Synthetic Methodologies: Application to Bi‐ and Trifunctionalisation with Different Redox Centres

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] By bonding a suitable linker according to this methodology, subsequent immobilisation of redox centres can be achieved using classical solid-phase synthesis. [27,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] The main strategy consists of immobilising a 4-nitrophenyl group at the carbon surface by reducing the corresponding diazonium salt, reducing the nitro group to an amine group, then allowing subsequent chemical modifications. [27,35,36,41,43,48,50] Other examples include the immobilisation of a 4-carboxyphenyl group, [39,42,46,47] 4-(chloromethyl)phenyl group, [37,38] 4-(aminoethyl)phenyl group, [40] and more recently phenylmaleimide group, [44] phenylazide or phenylacetylene groups, [45] and boronic acid group...…”

“…[27,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] The main strategy consists of immobilising a 4-nitrophenyl group at the carbon surface by reducing the corresponding diazonium salt, reducing the nitro group to an amine group, then allowing subsequent chemical modifications. [27,35,36,41,43,48,50] Other examples include the immobilisation of a 4-carboxyphenyl group, [39,42,46,47] 4-(chloromethyl)phenyl group, [37,38] 4-(aminoethyl)phenyl group, [40] and more recently phenylmaleimide group, [44] phenylazide or phenylacetylene groups, [45] and boronic acid group, [49] followed by further chemical modification at the reactive groups for the preparation of single modified carbon A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G electrodes.…”

Electrochemical behaviour of ABTS on aryl-modified glassy carbon electrodes

“…Covalently modified carbon electrodes have been widely employed for various applications such as electrocatalysis, electroanalysis and (bio)chemical sensing [7,14,15]. The advantages are that the electrochemical modification of carbon materials via reduction of aryldiazonium salts is a versatile and simple way to graft a wide variety of functional groups by changing the substituent of the aryldiazonium salt [1,2].…”

“…Curves(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) correspond to the number of potential scans.…”