Covalent Organic Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Metal Ion Batteries: A Current Review

Abstract

As the world moves toward electromobility, our daily lives are flooded with variety of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and the concerns of cost, safety and environmental friendliness of LIBs spring up in the minds of scientists. Although organic electrodes have been considered as promising alternatives to their inorganic counterparts, some intrinsic weaknesses still plague scientists, such as high solubility, low conductivity and sluggish ion diffusion. The emergence of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) attracts our attention because of their robust networks and open pores that could facilitate the infiltration of electrolyte ions when used as electrodes for metal-ion batteries (MIBs). In this review, we summarized the recent progress of COFs as electrode materials, and the strategies toward enhancing electrochemical performance of COFbased electrode in MIBs are discussed. Hopefully, this review will provide a fundamental guidance for future development of COF-based electrodes.

Progress and Trends in Nonaqueous Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

“…Organic frameworks positive electrode has grown vigorously in recent years, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) Its ordered porous channels and conjugated structure ensure high capacity. [83] Lu et al [84] exploited a 2,2'-bipyridine moieties (TpBpy-COFs) positive electrode, sustaining a capacity of 150 mA h g −1 at 2 A g −1 after 13 000 cycles (Figure 10a,b). Even at 5 A g −1 , its capacity highs up to 113 mA h g −1 .…”

Progress and Perspectives on Covalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) and Composites for Various Energy Applications

“…Out of these MIBs, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most developed and explored energy storage systems [34b] . Other than LIBs, such as lithium‐sulfur (Li−S), sodium‐ion (SIBs), potassium‐ion (PIBs), and aluminium‐ion (AIBs) batteries are still under consideration for better possibilities [20,29,39,41,44,45,128,34c] . The demand for next‐generation energy devices is effectively pushed towards organic materials because of their lower mass density, sustainability, and faster and richer interactions with the charge carriers [135] .…”

“…Thanks to their tuneable porosity and crystallinity, coupled with framework functionalization through pre‐ and post‐synthesis strategies, the customized synthesis of COFs with desired features help to probe mechanistic aspects and deeper insights into fundamental understanding of organic electrode materials (OEMs) and offers a versatile platform for materials design and development [4] . The robust network of porous organic frameworks provides greater stability and facilitates the infiltration of electrolyte ions suitable for various electrochemical applications [5] . It should be noted that COFs have shown key potential in energy‐related applications, making them suitable choices as electrode materials owing to their innate porosity, electrolyte insolubility, systematic open channels for the accelerated ion transportation and charge transportation [6,7] .…”

A novel 2D porous C3N2 framework as a promising anode material with ultra-high specific capacity for lithium-ion batteries

“…Among various anode materials investigated for highcapacity LIBs, [4][5][6][7][8][9] two-dimensional (2D) porous C-N framework solids feature high chemical stability, inherent porous nature, and large internal surface area. [9][10][11] In particular, the ordered pores and highly electronegative N atoms of these C-N frameworks provide more stable and accessible adsorption sites for Li, thus promising to improve Li-ion capacity in LIBs.…”