Covalent Organic Frameworks for Batteries

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as an exciting new class of porous materials constructed by organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds. They have been extensively explored as potentially superior candidates for electrode materials, electrolytes, and separators, due to their tunable chemistry, tailorable structures, and well‐defined pores. These features enable rational design of targeted functionalities, facilitate the penetration of electrolytes, and enhance ion transport. This review provides an in‐depth summary of the recent progress in the development of COFs for diverse battery applications, including lithium‐ion, lithium–sulfur, sodium‐ion, potassium‐ion, lithium–CO2, zinc‐ion, zinc–air batteries, etc. This comprehensive synopsis pays particular attention to the structure and chemistry of COFs and novel strategies that have been implemented to improve battery performance. Additionally, current challenges, possible solutions, and potential future research directions on COFs for batteries are discussed, laying the groundwork for future advances for this exciting class of material.

Constructing Advanced Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries with 2D Carbon‐Rich Materials

“…In this section, we review works related to 2D carbon‐rich polymers including 2D COFs, 2D MOFs, and 2D conductive organic polymers. [ 93 ] We summarize the attractive features and explain the zinc storage/transport mechanism of 2D COFs in particular.…”

“…COFs are a series of crystalline porous organic polymers that feature specific structure and controllable synthetic methods. Using certain planar organic molecules as monomers can easily fabricate COFs connected by covalent bonds on a 2D plane, which is the predominate aspect of the COF field [93b] . 2D COFs combine the advantages of both polymers and small organic molecules, which possess abundant functional groups evenly dispersing on the 2D plane as well as intrinsic insolubility and stability.…”

“…Therefore, 2D COFs have attracted growing attention in many fields. When it comes to energy storage, 2D COFs are especially favorable owing to the high specific surface area and numerous pores from the 2D porous structure, as well as the manageable functional groups and predesignable covalent structure [93a] . Considering the features mentioned above, 2D COFs show great potential in AZIB systems.…”

Morphological control of covalent organic frameworks in a PEG–H2O system

“…As the latest member of the group of renowned crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been at the forefront of materials science in numerous fields owing to their unique structural features and excellent properties, such as catalysis, 1–4 drug delivery, 5–8 energy storage 9–11 and environmental remediation. 12,13 Currently, the synthesis of various COFs is generally dominated by solvothermal methods, which is mainly shown by the universality of the strategy, the high yield and the high crystallinity of the products.…”

Cationic Cyclopropenium-Based Hyper-Crosslinked Polymer Enhanced Polyethylene Oxide Composite Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Li-S Battery

“…In recent years, covalent organic polymers (COPs) have shown great potential in gas separation, energy storage, electronic devices, and other fields due to their controllable and stable structures [22][23][24]. Cationic organic polymers are a class of COPs that have been widely studied.…”