Covalently bonded surface functional groups on carbon nanotubes: from molecular modeling to practical applications

Benko, Aleksandra; Duch, Joanna; Gajewska, Marta; Marzec, Mateusz; Bernasik, Andrzej; Nocuń, Marek; Piskorz, Witold; Kotarba, Andrzej

doi:10.1039/d0nr09057c

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Unsurprisingly, the existence of N element was detected from PIL CN ‐assembled MXene membranes (Table S1 and S2), as it is the defining characteristic of the polymer. In addition, the peaks at 284.1 and 286.5 eV, assigned to C=C and C=N species, respectively, confirmed the presence of the imidazolium moiety of PIL CN (Figure 3a and Figure S14) [19] . Following the anion exchange, the amount of F in the MXene/PIL CN TFSI membrane increased from 5.89 % (atomic percentage of F in pristine MXene) to 8.96 % (atomic percentage of F coming from both MXene and the attached PIL CN TFSI ), which evidenced the successful occurrence of anion exchange reaction from Br − to F‐rich TFSI − anion (Table S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In addition, the peaks at 284.1 and 286.5 eV, assigned to C=C and C=N species, respectively, confirmed the presence of the imidazolium moiety of PIL CN (Figure 3a and Figure S14). [19] Following the anion exchange, the amount of F in the MXene/PIL CN TFSI membrane increased from 5.89 % (atomic percentage of F in pristine MXene) to 8.96 % (atomic percentage of F coming from both MXene and the attached PIL CN TFSI), which evidenced the successful occurrence of anion exchange reaction from Br À to F-rich TFSI À anion (Table S1). In addition, the MXene in the MXene/PIL CN TFSI composite showed slight oxidation, as a weak peak located at 459.04 eV associated with TiO 2 appeared (Figure S15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Poly(ionic liquid)‐Armored MXene Membrane: Interlayer Engineering for Facilitated Water Transport

Wang

et al. 2022

Angewandte Chemie

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Two‐dimensional (2D) MXene‐based lamellar membranes bearing interlayers of tunable hydrophilicity are promising for high‐performance water purification. The current challenge lies in how to engineer the pore wall's surface properties in the subnano‐confinement environment while ensuring its high selectivity. Herein, poly(ionic liquid)s, equipped with readily exchangeable counter anions, succeeded as a hydrophilicity modifier in addressing this issue. Lamellar membranes bearing nanochannels of tailorable hydrophilicity are constructed via assembly of poly(ionic liquid)‐armored MXene nanosheets. By shifting the interlayer galleries from being hydrophilic to more hydrophobic via simple anion exchange, the MXene membrane performs drastically better for both the permeance (by two‐fold improvement) and rejection (≈99 %). This facile method opens up a new avenue for building 2D material‐based membranes of enhancing molecular transport and sieving effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Poly(ionic liquid)‐Armored MXene Membrane: Interlayer Engineering for Facilitated Water Transport

Wang

et al. 2022

Angewandte Chemie

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“…Important information on the state of the surface of modified CNTs can be obtained by determining the dipole moments and work function. As shown in [30,31], these parameters change dramatically during functionalization. Determination of these parameters is important for evaluating the efficiency of catalysts under electrocatalysis conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Modified Carbon Nanotubes: Surface Properties and Activity in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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In order to develop highly efficient and stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that do not contain precious metals, it is necessary to modify carbon nanotubes (CNT) and define the effect of the modification on their activity in the ORR. In this work, the modification of CNTs included functionalization by treatment in NaOH or HNO3 (soft and hard conditions, respectively) and subsequent doping with nitrogen (melamine was used as a precursor). The main parameters that determine the efficiency of modified CNT in ORR are composition and surface area (XPS, BET), hydrophilic–hydrophobic surface properties (method of standard contact porosimetry (MSP)) and zeta potential (dynamic light scattering method). The activity of CNT in ORR was assessed following half-wave potential, current density within kinetic potential range and the electrochemically active surface area (SEAS). The obtained results show that the modification of CNT with oxygen-containing groups leads to an increase in hydrophilicity and, consequently, SEAS, as well as the total (overall) current. Subsequent doping with nitrogen ensures further increase in SEAS, higher zeta potential and specific activity in ORR, reflected in the shift of the half-wave potential by 150 mV for CNTNaOH-N and 110 mV for CNTHNO3-N relative to CNTNaOH and CNTHNO3, respectively. Moreover, the introduction of N into the structure of CNTHNO3 increases their corrosion stability.

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“…One of the possible approaches to reducing the contribution of nanotubes to the conductivity of PANI/CNT composites can be the formation of a potential barrier, opposing the diffusion of charge carriers at the PANI-CNT interface, which is determined by the difference in the work functions of the contacting materials. The work function values for PANI and undoped CNTs are close and amount to 4.4-4.9 and ~4.6 eV, respectively [15][16][17][18][19]. Doping of CNTs with nitrogen atoms decreases the work function value and, consequently, creates a potential barrier at the PANI-CNT interface [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Nitrogen Atoms in the CNT Structure on the Gas Sensing Properties of PANI/CNT Composite

Lobov¹,

Davletkildeev²,

Несов³

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Herein we report the gas-sensitive properties to ammonia (at 2–10 ppm) of individual nanostructures of a polyaniline/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composite with a nitrogen content of 0 at.% (uCNTs), 2 at.% (N-CNTs) and 4 at.% (N+-CNTs). Doping of nanotubes with nitrogen was carried out in order to both reduce the electron work function, to form a potential barrier at the “PANI-CNTs” interface, and reduce the contribution of nanotubes to the composite conductivity. An increase in the nitrogen content in CNTs leads to an increase in conductivity, a decrease in the work function, and the formation of defects in the outer walls of CNTs. It was found that the structural and chemical state of the polymer layer of all composites is the same. However, polymer morphology on nanotubes changes dramatically with increasing nitrogen content in CNTs: a thin smooth layer on uCNTs, a globular layer on N-CNTs, and a thick layer with a sheet-like structure on N+-CNTs. All composites showed the same response time (~20 s) and recovery time (~120 s). Ammonia sensitivity was 10.5 ± 0.2, 15.3 ± 0.5 and 2.2 ± 0.1 ppm−1 for PANI/uCNTs, PANI/N-CNTs and PANI/N+-CNTs, respectively. Based on the results obtained here, we came to the conclusion that the morphological features of the polymer layer on CNTs with different nitrogen content have a dominant effect on the gas reaction than the change in the electronic properties of the polymer at the interface “PANI-CNT”.

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Covalently bonded surface functional groups on carbon nanotubes: from molecular modeling to practical applications

Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate how chemical functionalization affects the electronic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, altering the electrophoretic deposition process – a method of choice for...

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

Poly(ionic liquid)‐Armored MXene Membrane: Interlayer Engineering for Facilitated Water Transport

Poly(ionic liquid)‐Armored MXene Membrane: Interlayer Engineering for Facilitated Water Transport

Modified Carbon Nanotubes: Surface Properties and Activity in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Effect of Nitrogen Atoms in the CNT Structure on the Gas Sensing Properties of PANI/CNT Composite

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