We introduce, for any set S, the concept of K-family between two Hilbert C * -modules over two C * -algebras, for a given completely positive definite (CPD-) kernel K over S between those C * -algebras and obtain a factorization theorem for such Kfamilies. If K is a CPD-kernel and E is a full Hilbert C * -module, then any K-family which is covariant with respect to a dynamical system (G, η, E) on E, extends to aKfamily on the crossed product E× η G, whereK is a CPD-kernel. Several characterizations of K-families, under the assumption that E is full, are obtained and covariant versions of these results are also given. One of these characterizations says that such K-families extend as CPD-kernels, between associated (extended) linking algebras, whose (2, 2)corner is a homomorphism and vice versa. We discuss a dilation theory of CPD-kernels in relation to K-families.