Covariates of diarrhoea among under-five children in India: Are they level dependent?

Abstract

Program interventions like access to improved water supply, sanitation and hygiene do not have a systematic response to the aggregate health outcomes. Therefore, this is an attempt at recognising the concept of level sensitivity while verifying the association between prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children in a district and its corresponding coverage of improved water supply and sanitation and hygiene. Information obtained in the DLHS—4 including 275 districts from 19 states and 2 union territories of India forms the database for this analysis. Universal access to safe drinking water, improving coverage of sanitation in a district beyond 71 percent across the country and beyond 78 percent among the non-south DLHS districts, has the potential to realise reductions in the prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children in a district. The effect of improved sanitation seems to work synergistically with these indicators only at better levels of prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children in a district. This offers lessons for the Clean India Mission in terms of universalising access to safe water and coverage up to three-fourths of households with sanitation in a district for the positive externalities to manifest in reduced prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children.

Prevalence of diarrhoea among under five children in India and its contextual determinants: A geo-spatial analysis

“…These findings are similar to other studies also. 14,30 The incidence of occurrence is more among the children of working mother and similar findings are identified in some recent studies. 21 Children of mothers within age group 25-34 years (OR = 0.80, CI = 0.74, 0.87) and 35-49 years (OR = 0.62, CI = 0.54, 0.72) have shown less occurrence of childhood diarrhoea as compared to young mothers.…”

Prevalence and clustering of diarrhoea within households in India: some evidence from NFHS-4, 2015–16

“…The relevance of universalization of access to safe drinking water to diarrhoea prevention among under-five children has been established in previous studies using other data and methods (Nandi et al, 2017;Nilima et al, 2018;Ramanathan & Vijayan, 2019). The provision of piped water to rural households planned under the Jal Jeevan Mission of the Government of India (Ministry of Jal Shakthi, 2019) could contribute to the reduction in diarrhoea prevalence and its clustering in rural areas of India.…”

Evaluation of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Behavioral Aspects, Household State for the Diarrhea Prevalence among Students in the Valley of Sinabung Volcano, North Sumatera, Indonesia

“…In another hygienic perspective, children live in a house with less dirty sewage concurrent with a lower incidence of diarrhea [22], yet no significant association was found for caretakers hygienic practices and this illness. In other developing countries, there was a series of independent variables for the occurrence of acute diarrhea relating to food processing and storing, uneducated caretakers, sanitation, and improved water supply [34], [35], [36]. In Kenya, diarrhea burden was also correlated with unsafe disposal of children's feces and lower wealth index but no mention of other hygienic indicators; nevertheless, it also demonstrated the highest disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by diarrhea among Sub-Saharan country [37].…”