Covariation in shape and foraging behaviour in lateral plate morphs in the three‐spined stickleback

Bjærke, Oda; Østbye, Kjartan; Lampe, Helene M.; Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00409.x

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, diet preference and body shape vary with lateral plate number (Bjaerke et al. ). Intraguild predation may independently select for trait shifts in behavior and morphology, or changes in behavior may have led to selection for changes in morphology (or vice versa).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraguild predation leads to genetically based character shifts in the threespine stickleback

2015

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Intraguild predation is a common ecological interaction that occurs when a species preys upon another species with which it competes. The interaction is potentially a mechanism of divergence between intraguild prey (IG-prey) populations, but it is unknown if cases of character shifts in IG-prey are an environmental or evolutionary response. We investigated the genetic basis and inducibility of character shifts in threespine stickleback from lakes with and without prickly sculpin, a benthic intraguild predator (IG-predator). Wild populations of stickleback sympatric with sculpin repeatedly show greater defensive armor and water column height preference. We laboratory-raised stickleback from lakes with and without sculpin, as well as marine stickleback, and found that differences between populations in armor, body shape, and behavior persisted in a common garden. Within the common garden, we raised stickleback half-families from multiple populations in the presence and absence of sculpin. Although the presence of sculpin induced trait changes in the marine stickleback, we did not observe an induced response in the freshwater stickleback. Behavioral and morphological trait differences between freshwater populations thus have a genetic basis and suggest an evolutionary response to intraguild predation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraguild predation leads to genetically based character shifts in the threespine stickleback

2015

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“…While not always necessary for species distinctions, these alternative phenotypes can be among the most rapid to evolve (e.g. Mullen et al 2007Mullen et al , 2008Rolshausen et al 2010;Bjaerke et al 2010) and therefore potentially critical to early lineage divergence associated with declining gene flow and speciation.…”

Section: Axes Of Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes versus phenotypes in the study of speciation

Shaw

Mullen

2011

Genetica

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Despite persistent debate on the nature of species, the widespread adoption of Mayr's biological species concept has led to a heavy emphasis on the importance of reproductive isolation to the speciation process. Equating the origin of species with the evolution of reproductive isolation has become common practice in the study of speciation, coincident with an increasing focus on elucidating the specific genetic changes (i.e.-speciation genes) underlying intrinsic reproductive barriers between species. In contrast, some have recognized that reproductive isolation is usually a signature effect rather than a primary cause of speciation. Here we describe a research paradigm that shifts emphasis from effects to causes in order to resolve this apparent contradiction and galvanize the study of speciation. We identify major elements necessary for a balanced and comprehensive investigation of the origin of species and place the study of so-called "speciation genes" into its appropriate context. We emphasize the importance of characterizing diverging phenotypes, identifying relevant evolutionary forces acting on those phenotypes and their role in the causal origins of reduced gene flow between incipient species, and the nature of the genetic and phenotypic boundaries that results from such processes. This approach has the potential to unify the field of speciation research, by allowing us to make better "historical" predictions about the fate of diverging populations regardless of taxon.

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“…One likely explanation is local variation in predation regime, and its interactions with habitat characteristics (Leinonen et al, 2011), known to contribute to stickleback armour variation (see: Reimchen, 1994). In addition, plate morphs (and thus plate numbers) are known to be associated with certain behavioural traits, including reduced preference for environmental acclimation (Barrett, 2010) and benthic foraging (Bjaerke et al, 2010). Thus, several factors might be acting together to shape the distribution of lateral plate numbers in the environmentally heterogeneous Baltic Sea.…”

Section: Environmental and Geographical Correlations With Patterns Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for adaptive phenotypic differentiation inBalticSea sticklebacks

DeFaveri

Merilä

2013

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The evidence for adaptive phenotypic differentiation in mobile marine species remains scarce, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining quantitative genetic data to demonstrate the genetic basis of the observed phenotypic differentiation. Using a combination of phenotypic and molecular genetic approaches, we elucidated the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift in explaining lateral plate number differentiation in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across the entire Baltic Sea basin (approximately 392 000 km 2 ). We found that phenotypic differentiation (P ST = 0.213) in plate number exceeded that in neutral markers (F ST = 0.008), suggesting an adaptive basis for the observed differentiation. Because a close correspondence was found between plate phenotype and genotype at a quantitative trait loci (QTL; STN381) tightly linked to the gene (Ectodysplasin) underlying plate variation, the evidence for adaptive differentiation was confirmed by comparison of F ST at the QTL (F STQ = 0.089) with F ST at neutral marker loci. Hence, the results provide a comprehensive demonstration of adaptive phenotypic differentiation in a high-gene-flow marine environment with direct, rather than inferred, verification for the genetic basis of this differentiation. In general, the results illustrate the utility of P ST -F ST -F STQ comparisons in uncovering footprints of natural selection and evolution and add to the growing evidence for adaptive genetic differentiation in high-gene-flow marine environments, including that of the relatively young Baltic Sea.

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Covariation in shape and foraging behaviour in lateral plate morphs in the three‐spined stickleback

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Intraguild predation leads to genetically based character shifts in the threespine stickleback

Intraguild predation leads to genetically based character shifts in the threespine stickleback

Genes versus phenotypes in the study of speciation

Evidence for adaptive phenotypic differentiation inBalticSea sticklebacks

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