Cover Crop Effects on Light, Nitrogen, and Weeds in Organic Reduced Tillage

Wayman, Sandra; Cogger, Craig; Benedict, Chris A.; Collins, Doug; Burke, Ian C.; Bary, Andy I.

doi:10.1080/21683565.2015.1018398

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Therefore, species composition within mixtures is more relevant than the number of species included.Agronomy 2019, 9, 294 2 of 12 are left on the soil surface, they additionally act as a physical layer that small weed seedlings need to penetrate [13,14]. This slows down the development of the weed populations in spring after the main crop has already been sown [15]. Therefore, CCs are able to affect weed populations from their sowing date until a certain time after the subsequent main crop is established [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Weed Control Ability of Single Sown Cover Crops Compared to Species Mixtures

2019

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To achieve efficient weed control through cover cropping, the plant species chosen needs particular consideration. Combing different cover crop (CC) species in mixtures may increase the number of provided ecosystem services, including reliable suppression of weeds. We tested the weed suppression ability of single CC species and CC mixtures in a field trial during the autumn-to-winter growing season of 2016 and 2017. Anethum graveolens L. (dill), Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers. (oilseed radish), Avena strigosa Schreb. (black oat), Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), Vicia sativa L. (vetch) and Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (phacelia) were sown in monocultures, as well as in mixtures with three or six species. Treatments with favorable establishment and above-average biomass yields tended to suppress weeds by showing lower weed dry matter and weed numbers. The highest weed control efficacy within the monocultures was reached in 2017 by black oat and oilseed radish with 72% and 83%, respectively. The mixture treatments reached a generally lower soil cover, aboveground dry matter and weed control efficacy (with an average of 57% in 2017). Even though mixtures were not as effective as the best performing single sown CCs, species combinations increased resilience against adverse weather conditions, an advantage to achieving efficient weed control over a long-term period. Therefore, species composition within mixtures is more relevant than the number of species included.Agronomy 2019, 9, 294 2 of 12 are left on the soil surface, they additionally act as a physical layer that small weed seedlings need to penetrate [13,14]. This slows down the development of the weed populations in spring after the main crop has already been sown [15]. Therefore, CCs are able to affect weed populations from their sowing date until a certain time after the subsequent main crop is established [16]. Naturally, the weed suppressive ability of a CC depends on several environmental influences that determine, e.g., the level and activity of allelochemicals [17], the speed of CC development and the build-up of biomass [18]. Under unfavorable conditions, a single sown CC might not be able to provide a sufficient level of weed suppression.Crop stands of single CC species are not able to buffer rapidly changing environmental conditions. Therefore, many studies have investigated the adaptability of mixtures [19][20][21]. Higher species diversity increases the likelihood that some of the species in a mixture are more productive, because they are better adapted to a certain set of environmental conditions (sampling effect) [22,23]. The CC species Vicia sativa L. and Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. were not germinating well under high temperatures, whereas Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. performed well [24]. Combinations of contrasting species in regard to environmental conditions, therefore, might provide resilience to weather conditions and provide stability in their service provision. The conditions that drive CC species performance are also d...

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Weed Control Ability of Single Sown Cover Crops Compared to Species Mixtures

2019

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“…Reduced tillage can benefit soil fertility (e.g., reduced soil erosion and organic matter loss), pest management (e.g., increasing biodiversity), and climate change mitigation (e.g., carbon sequestration, reduced energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], but generally increases weed infestation [ 13 , 14 ]. In this regard, several authors have pointed out that weed control effectiveness can be strongly improved by combining reduced or no tillage with ASCs [ 7 , 15 , 16 ]. ASC termination creates an organic mulch on the soil surface (i.e., mowing or flattening) that can function as a physical barrier to incoming light, weed emergence and seedlings development, therefore selecting species more suited to the modified soil microenvironment.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Surface residues decrease the average soil temperature and the daily fluctuations, reducing germination rates of many weed species [ 13 ]. Furthermore, reduced tillage can change the functional attributes of the weed community, acting as selective driver [ 7 , 9 , 13 , 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Functional Diversity as Affected by Agroecological Service Crops and No-Till in a Mediterranean Organic Vegetable System

Ciaccia¹,

Armengot

Testani³

et al. 2020

Plants

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This paper explores the effect of agroecological service crops (ASCs), i.e., crops included in the crop rotation for their ecosystem services, terminated with an in-line tillage roller crimper (ILRC) on weed community composition and their functional traits in comparison to a tilled control without ASC. A two-year study was performed in a long-term experiment with vegetables under organic management. Four different cereal crops were introduced as ASCs. Weed abundance and richness and the functional traits were assessed at three different stages, i.e., before and after ASC termination and before harvest of the following crop, melon. All the ASCs showed strong weed suppression, with few differences between the cereals tested. Weed communities with ASCs had later flowering onset and wider flowering span compared to the control, which positively affects weed dispersal and attraction of beneficial insects. However, weed communities with ASCs had higher values for traits related to competition (specific leaf area, seed weight and more perennials). A trade-off between weed suppression and selection of more competitive weed communities by the introduction of ASCs managed with the ILRC should be evaluated in the long-run. The use of the ILRC alternating with other soil management practices seems the more effective strategy to benefit from the minimal soil tillage while avoiding the selection of disservice-related traits in the weed community.

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“…Por otro lado, varias plantas leguminosas de los géneros Mucuna, Vigna, Crotalaria, Pueraria y Canavalia, son sembradas en áreas agrícolas de Mesoamérica desde hace varias décadas, ya sea en asocio con el cultivo principal o en monocultivo, con múltiples objetivos agrícolas (Buckles et al, 1999;Douxchamps et al, 2013;Flores-Sanchez et al, 2013). Entre los beneficios que aportan las leguminosas de cobertura al sistema de cultivo están: control de malezas (Swanton y Booth, 2004), aporte y reciclaje de nutrientes (Wayman et al, 2015), disminución de poblaciones de nematodos (Claudius-Cole et al, 2014), prevención de la erosión del suelo (Hartwig y Ammon, 2002), aporte de materia orgánica, mejora de la estructura del suelo (Cruz et al, 2014) y aumento en la diversidad de poblaciones de microorganismos en el suelo (Schutter, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Conocimiento sobre coberturas vivas y disposición a utilizarlas por productores de varios cultivos

Gómez¹,

Lutz²,

Alvarado³

et al. 2017

Mesoam. Agron.

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© 2017 Agronomía Mesoamericana es desarrollada en la Universidad de Costa Rica y se encuentra licenciada con Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 Costa Rica. Para más información escríbanos a pccmca@ucr.ac.cr ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un diagnóstico sobre el conocimiento que tienen agricultores de papaya, palma aceitera y banano de Costa Rica, sobre coberturas vivas y la disposición a implementarlas. Se construyó un instrumento de evaluación que consistió de veintiocho preguntas para contestar falso o verdadero, con las cuales se creó un indicador de conocimiento. Además, se incluyeron siete preguntas con las respuestas en una escala de cinco puntos, para explorar la disposición del productor a implementar coberturas vivas en su finca. Este instrumento se aplicó en el año 2014 a 36 productores de papaya, 30 de palma aceitera y 57 bananeros. El análisis de ítemes, para determinar confiabilidad, produjo valores alfa de Cronbach superiores al 90%. Se realizó también un análisis de factores para asegurar que el instrumento medía un único rasgo: conocimiento sobre coberturas vivas. El comportamiento de los puntajes globales de conocimiento varió de manera considerable de un grupo de productores a otro. El promedio más alto y con menor variabilidad se obtuvo en los instrumentos aplicados a productores de banano, mientras que el promedio menor y con mayor variabilidad se determinó de los productores de papaya. Las respuestas a cada una de las preguntas variaron considerablemente de un grupo de productores a otro. La mayoría de los productores de los tres cultivos estuvo dispuesto a utilizar coberturas vivas y a recibir capacitación.Palabras clave: cultivos de cobertura, leguminosas, cobertura verde. AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the knowledge on cover crops and native vegetation mulches and the willingness to implement them by papaya, oil palm, and banana producers in Costa Rica. An evaluation instrument with twenty eight questions to be answered as true or false was developed, and it was used to yield a knowledge

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Cover Crop Effects on Light, Nitrogen, and Weeds in Organic Reduced Tillage

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Weed Control Ability of Single Sown Cover Crops Compared to Species Mixtures

Weed Control Ability of Single Sown Cover Crops Compared to Species Mixtures

Weed Functional Diversity as Affected by Agroecological Service Crops and No-Till in a Mediterranean Organic Vegetable System

Conocimiento sobre coberturas vivas y disposición a utilizarlas por productores de varios cultivos

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