Cover crops and organic amendments to prevent nitrate contamination under a wet climate

Vidal, M.; López, Alba Nogueira

doi:10.1051/agro:2005043

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Further, higher rate of N leaching was also reported in the vetch compared to the rye treatment (Sainju et al, 2007). Several authors have therefore proposed a mixture of rye and vetch for either NT or PT system (Ruffo and Bollero, 2003;Vidal and Lopez, 2005;Sainju et al, 2007). Results of the present study concur with that suggestion.…”

Section: Mineral Nitrogen Release: Relative Significance Of Tillage Psupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Therefore, with rye addition the release of mineral N is more sustained, and its timing is better synchronized with crop N needs in the early growth phase. Vidal and Lopez (2005) noted that, due to the slow N release, rye could be a more appropriate cover crop to prevent NO 3 -leaching and water pollution. Therefore, from a soil fertility standpoint, rye can be proposed as a better cover crop option than vetch.…”

Section: Mineral Nitrogen Release: Relative Significance Of Tillage Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen availability and early corn growth on plowed and no-till soils amended with different types of cover crops

Ladan

Jacinthe

2017

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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Heavy application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to agroecosystems contributes to water pollution and emission of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), an atmospheric constituent implicated in the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion. The incorporation of cover crops biomass into agricultural soil is a practice that could provide a portion of the N needed by growing crops, and thereby could help reduce N fertilizer input and N loss from agroecosystems. Although the cover crop composition and the tillage management history of receiving soils could affect the pattern of mineral N release and its fates, these questions have not been addressed in previous research. A greenhouse experiment (85 d) was conducted to investigate the effects of two cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa, C/N: 11) and rye (Secale cereale, C/N: 82) on mineral N flux, N 2 O emission, and corn growth in soils under no-till (NT, 11 years) and plow-till (PT). Overall, tillage practice had only a marginal influence on N dynamics. Although NO 3 -flux was enhanced by both cover crops, the NO 3 -released was more efficiently utilized in the rye treatment. Corn growth and N uptake were significantly greater (P<0.02; 1.5 times)with rye compared to the vetch treatment. Conversely, N 2 O emission was significantly (P<0.03) higher with vetch than rye addition, with cumulative emission (across PT and NT) averaging 2.45 kg N ha -1 with vetch and 1.28 kg N ha -1 with rye addition. Positive relationships were found between NO 3 -flux and N 2 O emission, with the slopes of the regression lines suggesting a greater propensity of NO 3 -released from vetch to be converted into N 2 O. By leading to less N 2 O emission and better corn N uptake, the study results indicate that rye is a better cover crop option than vetch, regardless of tillage practice.

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Section: Mineral Nitrogen Release: Relative Significance Of Tillage Psupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Mineral Nitrogen Release: Relative Significance Of Tillage Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen availability and early corn growth on plowed and no-till soils amended with different types of cover crops

Ladan

Jacinthe

2017

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…Sekera 1943), only recently cover crops have been promoted as an alternative to bare soil fallowing. They avoid nutrient losses and soil erosion, provide additional organic input to the soil and improve its physical, chemical and biological quality (MacRae and Mehuys 1985;Meyer et al 1999;Schutter and Dick 2002;Vidal and López 2005;Liu et al 2005). Introduction of an additional crop, however, was considered to reduce water storage compared to an otherwise bare soil, resulting in higher depletion at planting of the subsequent main crop (Mitchell et al 1999;Nielsen and Vigil 2005;Islam et al 2006).…”

Section: Initial Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

455

234

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Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

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“…Recent attempts have been made to assess the sustainability and crop performance of systems in which different cover crop management and organic fertilization strategies were combined (Mazzoncini et al, 2011;Rizk, 2012;Sainju et al, 2000;Vidal and López, 2005). However, most of the studies involved cereal crops and orchards with few on vegetable cropping systems (Canali et al, 2010;Delate et al, 2003;Montemurro et al, 2005b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Fertilization, Green Manure, and Vetch Mulch to Improve Organic Zucchini Yield and Quality

Montemurro

Fiore²,

Campanelli³

et al. 2013

horts

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A 2-year field experiment was carried out in a Mediterranean environment to study the effects of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) residue management strategies incorporating green manure (GM) using a roller-crimper (RC) and different organic fertilizers (municipal solid waste compost, anaerobic digestate, and a commercial organic fertilizer) on organic zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) yield and quality. Zucchini yield was influenced positively by the vetch residue management strategy, although the response was significantly different between years. The vetch cover crop increased marketable zucchini yield in the first year by 46.6% compared with the fallow (FA) treatment, indicating that this fertility-building crop could reduce off-farm nitrogen (N) fertilizer input for subsequent crops. Averaging over 2 years of the experiment, marketable zucchini yield increased by 15.2% and 38% with the RC mulch and GM plow-down, respectively, compared with the FA treatment, although differences were significant in the first year only. The application of organic fertilizers in vetch management plots increased marketable zucchini yield by 21.8% in the first year compared with the unfertilized control. This result is particularly relevant, because organic fertilizers were applied at ≈50% of the normal application rate for zucchini after taking into account biological N fixation attributable to the vetch. The concentrations of soil mineral N at harvest were 19, 27, and 28 mg·kg−1 for the RC, FA, and GM treatments, respectively. These mineral N concentrations indicated that a portion of applied organic fertilizer N, and N attributable to vetch (GM and RC), remained in the soil at harvest, suggesting the potential for leaching, which should be taken into account in the overall fertilization program. These research findings suggest that effective vetch cover crop management and the application of organic fertilizers can improve yield and quality of organically managed zucchini.

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Cover crops and organic amendments to prevent nitrate contamination under a wet climate

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Nitrogen availability and early corn growth on plowed and no-till soils amended with different types of cover crops

Nitrogen availability and early corn growth on plowed and no-till soils amended with different types of cover crops

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Organic Fertilization, Green Manure, and Vetch Mulch to Improve Organic Zucchini Yield and Quality

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