COVID‑19 and ischemic stroke: Mechanisms of hypercoagulability (Review)

Zhang, Shuoqi; Zhang, Jinming; Wang, Chunxu; Chen, Xiaojing; Zhao, Xinyi; Jing, Haijiao; Liu, Huan; Li, Zhuxin; Wang, Lihua; Shi, Jialan

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2021.4854

Cited by 69 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In half of the patients, causes of death could likely or possibly be related to complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection. A hypercoagulability mechanism could explain deaths in all of these patients [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at One Year after Hospital Discharge

Maestre-Muñiz

Arias

Mata-Vázquez

et al. 2021

JCM

136

126

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Background: The long-term effects of COVID-19 remain largely unclear. This study aims to investigate post-acute health consequences and mortality one year after hospital discharge. Methods: All surviving adult patients who were discharged after hospital admission due to acute COVID-19 in the first wave of the pandemic underwent a comprehensive interview. Functional assessment was performed in patients aged over 65. Clinical and hospital records were reviewed and mortality causes assessed. Results: A total of 587 patients with COVID-19 were discharged from hospital, including 266 after hospital admission and 321 from the emergency room. Mortality within the following year occurred in 34/266 (12.8%) and 10/321 (3.1%), respectively, due to causes directly or possibly related to COVID-19 in 20.5% and 25% of patients. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was assessed in 543 patients at one year from discharge. Any clinical complaint was reported by 90.1% of patients who needed hospitalization and 80.4% of those discharged from the emergency room (p = 0.002), with breathlessness (41.6%), tiredness (35.4%), ageusia (30.2%), and anosmia (26.3%) being the most common complaints. Ongoing symptoms attributed to COVID-19 were reported by 66.8% and 49.5% of patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Newly developed COPD, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, and arthritis—as well as worsening of preexisting comorbidities—were found. Conclusions: One-year mortality among survivors of acute COVID-19 was 7.5%. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experienced ongoing symptoms at 1 year from onset of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at One Year after Hospital Discharge

Maestre-Muñiz

Arias

Mata-Vázquez

et al. 2021

JCM

136

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, the host immune response to infection can lead to inflammation, which can damage the brain and nerves. Several prospective studies reported that patients with COVID-19 associated ischemic stroke had severe functional outcome and high mortality ( 31 , 32 ). Elevated CRP is clearly recognized in the major acute-phase response following ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and it is related to the development of vascular complications ( 33 ).…”

Section: Crp and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update Advances on C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections

2021

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Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced hyperinflammation with multiorgan dysfunction. It has been documented that severe COVID-19 is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators than a mild disease, and tracking these markers may allow early identification or even prediction of disease progression. It is well known that C-reactive protein (CRP) is the acute-phase protein and the active regulator of host innate immunity, which is highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation and may guide escalation of treatment of COVID-19-related uncontrolled inflammation. There are numerous causes of an elevated CRP, including acute and chronic responses, and these can be infectious or non-infectious in etiology. CRP are normally lacking in viral infections, while adaptive immunity appears to be essential for COVID-19 virus clearance, and the macrophage activation syndrome may explain the high serum CRP contents and contribute to the disease progression. Nevertheless, for the assessment of host inflammatory status and identification of viral infection in other pathologies, such as bacterial sepsis, the acute-phase proteins, including CRP and procalcitonin, can provide more important information for guiding clinical diagnosis and antibiotic therapy. This review is aimed to highlight the current and most recent studies with regard to the clinical significance of CRP in severe COVID-19 and other viral associated illnesses, including update advances on the implication of CRP and its form specifically on the pathogenesis of these diseases. The progressive understanding in these areas may be translated into promising measures to prevent severe outcomes and mitigate appropriate treatment modalities in critical COVID-19 and other viral infections.

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“…In addition, patients with an ischemic stroke and elevated D-dimer levels tend to have a worse prognosis against the background of a present severe COVID-19 infection. The exact mechanisms by which COVID-19 induces hypercoagulability in patients remain unclear [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis in a Patient with COVID-19

Gencheva-Angelova¹

2021

JBM

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Against the background of a COVID-19 infection, the overlap of bacterial coinfection is associated with an increased risk of poor treatment outcomes. A 76-year-old man was treated for ischemic stroke in the period of one week. During his hospital stay, he showed symptoms of a viral infection, due to which a PCR sample was taken for SARS-CoV-2. The test result was positive. Meningoencephalitis is suspected on the basis of the clinical symptoms shown and the initial blood test. K. pneumonia was detected by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiological examination. The risk of bacterial coinfection with COVID-19 remains unclear. Timely and rapid diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis, in the context of a proven COVID-19 infection, require a variety of biological tests and a multidisciplinary approach. In the early stages of acute bacterial and viral meningitis, the signs and symptoms are often nonspecific and it is not always possible to make a differential diagnosis. Laboratory tests, characterizing COVID-19, should determine the type, prognosis, and outcome of a bacterial coinfection. Refining the laboratory diagnosis of a bacterial infection with COVID-19 is a new challenge for doctors.

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COVID‑19 and ischemic stroke: Mechanisms of hypercoagulability (Review)

Cited by 69 publications

References 102 publications

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at One Year after Hospital Discharge

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at One Year after Hospital Discharge

Update Advances on C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis in a Patient with COVID-19

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