COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends

Thapa, Komal; Verma, Nitin; Singh, Thakur Gurjeet; Grewal, Amarjot Kaur; Kanojia, Neha; Rani, Lata

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108328

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…COVID-19 is a global pandemic, highly transmittable infectious disease caused by a strain of novel coronavirus (Thapa et al 2021 ). It belongs to a subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, Coronaviridae family, and Nidovirales order, and overall, it has affected the lives of billions of people (Pal et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19: pharmacotherapeutic insights on various curative approaches in terms of vulnerability, comorbidities, and vaccination

Kaur

Singh

et al. 2022

Inflammopharmacol

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A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and the world has suffered from a pandemic. As of 22nd March 2020, at least 185 countries worldwide had been affected by COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2, leading to COVID-19 pneumonia, infects cells through ACE-2 receptors. The disease has different clinical signs and symptoms, including chills, high fever, dyspnea, and cough. Other symptoms including haemoptysis, myalgia, diarrhoea, expectoration, and fatigue may also occur. The rapid rise in confirmation cases is severe in preventing and controlling COVID-19. In this review, the article will explore and evaluate the insights into how COVID influences patients with other comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, Parkinson’s, and how conditions Urolithiasis, anosmia, and anuria may develop after infection. The virus mutates and the variants are now prevalent in the present scenario where the world stands in eradicating the pandemic by looking into the development of vaccines by several countries and how the vaccination can temporarily help prevent COVID spread.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19: pharmacotherapeutic insights on various curative approaches in terms of vulnerability, comorbidities, and vaccination

Kaur

Singh

et al. 2022

Inflammopharmacol

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“…Therefore, blockade of the IL-6 pathway is considered a key approach to reducing severe lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 [ 4 ]. ARDS is the most common cause of death in these patients, with mortality rates that can exceed 75% [ 3 , 31 ]. ARDS is a consequence of dysregulated immune response, hyperinflammation and activation of the coagulation cascade, with CRS playing the major role [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ARDS is a consequence of dysregulated immune response, hyperinflammation and activation of the coagulation cascade, with CRS playing the major role [ 32 ]. Currently available treatment focuses on modulating immune responses, and obtaining antiviral, antithrombotic or anticoagulant effects [ 3 ]. The drugs with the most accumulating evidence for CRS blockade are IL-1 (anakinra) or IL-6 (tocilizumab or sarilumab) inhibitors, janus kinase inhibitors [JAKi] (e.g., baricitinib), as well as corticosteroids [ 4 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is an asymptomatic or silent viral replication phase of about five days after infection, with symptoms of cough, fever and dyspnea. This phase may progress to a second more severe phase that can lead to bilateral pneumonia with severe respiratory failure (SRF) with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or fatal multiorgan failure [ 2 , 3 ]. About 10% of patients require care in intensive care units (ICU) [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-6 is involved in the signal transduction pathway through Janus kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT). This pathway is essential in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity and apoptosis [ 3 , 4 ]. Blocking this pathway at different levels could prevent dysregulation of the inflammatory, immune and coagulation systems and limit lung damage, reducing the risk of progression to SRF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Machine Learning in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated with Tocilizumab

Ramón

Zaragozá

Torres

et al. 2022

JCM

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Among the IL-6 inhibitors, tocilizumab is the most widely used therapeutic option in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated severe respiratory failure (SRF). The aim of our study was to provide evidence on predictors of poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab, using machine learning (ML) techniques. We conducted a retrospective study, analyzing the clinical, laboratory and sociodemographic data of patients admitted for severe COVID-19 with SRF, treated with tocilizumab. The extreme gradient boost (XGB) method had the highest balanced accuracy (93.16%). The factors associated with a worse outcome of tocilizumab use in terms of mortality were: baseline situation at the start of tocilizumab treatment requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), elevated ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lymphopenia, and low PaFi [ratio between arterial oxygen pressure and inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2)] values. The factors associated with a worse outcome of tocilizumab use in terms of hospital stay were: baseline situation at the start of tocilizumab treatment requiring IMV or supplemental oxygen, elevated levels of ferritin, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), GPT, C-reactive protein (CRP), LDH, lymphopenia, and low PaFi values. In our study focused on patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab, the factors that were weighted most strongly in predicting worse clinical outcome were baseline status at the start of tocilizumab treatment requiring IMV and hyperferritinemia.

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Interesting effects of interleukins and immune cells on acute respiratory distress syndrome

et al. 2023

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COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends

Cited by 10 publications

References 193 publications

Covid-19: pharmacotherapeutic insights on various curative approaches in terms of vulnerability, comorbidities, and vaccination

Covid-19: pharmacotherapeutic insights on various curative approaches in terms of vulnerability, comorbidities, and vaccination

Application of Machine Learning in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated with Tocilizumab

Interesting effects of interleukins and immune cells on acute respiratory distress syndrome

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