COVID-19 diagnostics: Molecular biology to nanomaterials

Perveen, Summaya; Negi, Anjali; Gopalakrishnan, Varun; Panda, Satyajit; Sharma, Vinay S.

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.017

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…To enhance the reliability of the assay, it is advisable to amplify two or more genes, including one specific and one conserved gene. This has led to the development of various RT-qPCR tests employing diverse gene combinations [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (Naats)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These challenges underline the importance of developing simple test kits based on the detection of human antibodies generated in response to viral infection. The main principle behind antibody-based immunodiagnosis is to identify antibodies (IgG and IgM) produced in response to viral infection and/or viral antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Isothermal Amplification Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and Challenges in SARS-CoV-2 Detection: A Review of Molecular and Serological Technologies

El-Daly

2024

Diagnostics

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The urgent need for accurate COVID-19 diagnostics has led to the development of various SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) remains a reliable viral gene detection technique, while other molecular methods, including nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) and isothermal amplification techniques, provide diverse and effective approaches. Serological assays, detecting antibodies in response to viral infection, are crucial for disease surveillance. Saliva-based immunoassays show promise for surveillance purposes. The efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection varies, with IgM indicating recent exposure and IgG offering prolonged detectability. Various rapid tests, including lateral-flow immunoassays, present opportunities for quick diagnosis, but their clinical significance requires validation through further studies. Challenges include variations in specificity and sensitivity among testing platforms and evolving assay sensitivities over time. SARS-CoV-2 antigens, particularly the N and S proteins, play a crucial role in diagnostic methods. Innovative approaches, such as nanozyme-based assays and specific nucleotide aptamers, offer enhanced sensitivity and flexibility. In conclusion, ongoing advancements in SARS-CoV-2 detection methods contribute to the global effort in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (Naats)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isothermal Amplification Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges in SARS-CoV-2 Detection: A Review of Molecular and Serological Technologies

El-Daly

2024

Diagnostics

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“…However, this collection method poses challenges, causing patient discomfort and carrying the risk of errors and contamination. Implementing rRT-PCR as a point-of-care test faces obstacles due to its high cost, labor-intensive nature, and the requirement for specialized personnel and laboratory infrastructure [4] . Additionally, molecular tests may exhibit reduced sensitivity as the disease progresses [ 5 , 6 ] or due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, serological assays play a crucial role by providing additional information regarding infection stages and past infections, serving as an epidemiological surveillance tool. Moreover, serological assays can be employed as point-of-care tests to address the aforementioned challenges [ 4 , 9 ]. Therefore, the detection of antibodies against specific viral components using indirect immunoassays is of utmost importance [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of receptor binding domain protein-based serodiagnosis of COVID-19

Vasconcelos,

Leony,

Camelier

et al. 2024

IJID Regions

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“…Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 has mainly been based on molecular tests such as real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) [4][5][6]. Antibody-based techniques are complementary tools for SARS-CoV-2 infection detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of N Protein Antibodies to Diagnose Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers: Use of Roche Elecsys® Immunoassay in the S Protein Vaccination Era

Delgado

Vidal

Julià

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The aim of this study was to validate the detection of anti-nucleocapsid protein (N protein) antibodies for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the fact that most COVID-19 vaccines use the spike (S) protein as the antigen. Here, 3550 healthcare workers (HCWs) were enrolled from May 2020 (when no S protein vaccines were available). We defined SARS-CoV-2 infection if HCWs were found to be positive by RT-PCR or found to be positive in at least two different serological immunoassays. Serum samples from Biobanc I3PT-CERCA were analyzed by Roche Elecsys® (N protein) and Vircell IgG (N and S proteins) immunoassays. Discordant samples were reanalyzed with other commercial immunoassays. Roche Elecsys® showed the positivity of 539 (15.2%) HCWs, 664 (18.7%) were found to be positive by Vircell IgG immunoassays, and 164 samples (4.6%) showed discrepant results. According to our SARS-CoV-2 infection criteria, 563 HCWs had SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Roche Elecsys® immunoassay has a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and concordance with the presence of infection of 94.7%, 99.8%, 99.3%, and 0.96, respectively. Similar results were observed in a validation cohort of vaccinated HCWs. We conclude that the Roche Elecsys® SARS-CoV-2 N protein immunoassay demonstrated good performance in diagnosing previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort of HCWs.

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COVID-19 diagnostics: Molecular biology to nanomaterials

Cited by 16 publications

References 148 publications

Advances and Challenges in SARS-CoV-2 Detection: A Review of Molecular and Serological Technologies

Advances and Challenges in SARS-CoV-2 Detection: A Review of Molecular and Serological Technologies

Usefulness of receptor binding domain protein-based serodiagnosis of COVID-19

Validation of N Protein Antibodies to Diagnose Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers: Use of Roche Elecsys® Immunoassay in the S Protein Vaccination Era

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