COVID-19 Genetic Variants and Their Potential Impact in Vaccine Development

Giau, Vo Van; Bagyinszky, Eva; An, Seong Soo A.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10030598

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Besides, due to its similarity with the wild virus, it also stimulates innate immunity [ 109 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 ]. Immunity induced by LAVs could allow the control of infections with new variants, avoiding severe infection symptoms and reducing the time of viral dispersal [ 109 , 149 , 167 , 168 ], leading to the reduction of new cases. Of the non-proliferating vaccines applied during the first two years of the pandemic, some of them induce systemic immunity only against the S1 protein, while those based on inactivated viruses induce a response to a wide array of antigens.…”

Section: Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Induced By Sars-cov-2 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Pacheco-García

Serafín‐López

2023

Vaccines

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It has been 34 months since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, which causes the COVID-19 disease. In several countries, immunization has reached a proportion near what is required to reach herd immunity. Nevertheless, infections and re-infections have been observed even in vaccinated persons. That is because protection conferred by vaccines is not entirely effective against new virus variants. It is unknown how often booster vaccines will be necessary to maintain a good level of protective immunity. Furthermore, many individuals refuse vaccination, and in developing countries, a large proportion of the population has not yet been vaccinated. Some live-attenuated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed. Here, we analyze the indirect dispersion of a live-attenuated virus from vaccinated individuals to their contacts and the contribution that this phenomenon could have to reaching Herd Immunity.

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Section: Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Induced By Sars-cov-2 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Pacheco-García

Serafín‐López

2023

Vaccines

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“…Hence, the S protein mutations of BA.4/5 are: T19I, Del24-26, A27S, Del69-70, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K, L452R and F486V. Among them, G339D, S373P, S375F, N440K, T478K and N501Y mutations can enhance viral binding to ACE2, resulting in enhanced viral infectivity and transmissibility [60][61][62][63]. G339D, K417N, T478K, E484A, N501Y and Y505H may decrease many S protein-directed antibodies, resulting in the enhanced ability of the virus to escape the immune system and the enhanced possibility of vaccine breakthrough infections [10,62,64].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Breakthrough Infection Caused By the Omicron Va...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Panorama of Breakthrough Infection Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Review

2022

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Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019, many countries have successively developed a variety of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, with the continuous spread of SARS-CoV-2, it has evolved several variants; as a result, prevention and control of the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has become more important. Among these variants, the Omicron variant has higher transmissibility and immune escape ability and is the main variant causing a large number of COVID-19 breakthrough infection, thus, presenting new challenges to pandemic prevention and control. Hence, we review the biological characteristics of the Omicron variant and discuss the current status and possible mechanism of breakthrough infection caused by the Omicron variant in order to provide insights into the prevention and control of the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.

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“… 3 The current findings indicate that the damage to endothelial and nerve cells might be responsible for the short‐ and long‐term COVID symptoms, which result in damage to the lungs, heart, brain, and other vital organs of those infected. 4 , 5 With the appearance of the less life‐threatening variant of SARS‐CoV‐2, the BA.2 variant (so‐called stealth omicron 6 ), it is clear that the research has shifted to understanding the chronic complications of COVID‐19, including chest pain, cough, fatigue, headaches, joint pain, loss of smell or tastes, and shortness of breath. Due to the global interest to elucidate the disease mechanism, many data have been collected, including OMICS data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current status of gene expression profilings in COVID‐19 patients

Ilieva

Tschaikowski

Vandin

et al. 2022

Clinical and Translational Dis

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Background The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has swept through every part of the world. Because of its impact, international efforts have been underway to identify the variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 by genome sequencing and to understand the gene expression changes in COVID‐19 patients compared to healthy donors using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) assay. Within the last two and half years since the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2, a large number of OMICS data of COVID‐19 patients have accumulated. Yet, we are still far from understanding the disease mechanism. Further, many people suffer from long‐term effects of COVID‐19; calling for a more systematic way to data mine the generated OMICS data, especially RNA‐seq data. Methods By searching gene expression omnibus (GEO) using the key terms, COVID‐19 and RNA‐seq, 108 GEO entries were identified. Each of these studies was manually examined to categorize the studies into bulk or single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) followed by an inspection of their original articles. Results The currently available RNA‐seq data were generated from various types of patients’ samples, and COVID‐19 related sample materials have been sequenced at the level of RNA, including whole blood, different components of blood [e.g., plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T cells], nasal swabs, and autopsy samples (e.g., lung, heart, liver, kidney). Of these, RNA‐seq studies using whole blood, PBMCs, nasal swabs and autopsy/biopsy samples were reviewed to highlight the major findings from RNA‐seq data analysis. Conclusions Based on the bulk and scRNA‐seq data analysis, severe COVID‐19 patients display shifts in cell populations, especially those of leukocytes and monocytes, possibly leading to cytokine storms and immune silence. These RNA‐seq data form the foundation for further gene expression analysis using samples from individuals suffering from long COVID.

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COVID-19 Genetic Variants and Their Potential Impact in Vaccine Development

Cited by 18 publications

References 111 publications

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Panorama of Breakthrough Infection Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Review

The current status of gene expression profilings in COVID‐19 patients

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