COVID‐19 in a child with primary antibody deficiency

Ahanchian, Hamid; Moazzen, Nasrin; Sezavar, Majid; Khalighi, Negar; Khoshkhui, Maryam; Aelami, Mohammad Hassan; Haghi, Nasrin Sadat Motevalli; Rezaei, Nima

doi:10.1002/ccr3.3643

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The restricted knowledge about the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection for IEI patients raised the question about the clinical impact of COVID-19 and the risk involved for these patients [27]. As already mentioned, several case reports were previously published [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]15], as well as two larger series: 94 IEI patients in Meyts et al study, from ESID [14], and 60 IEI patients and 33 secondary immunode cient patients from Shields et al study [16], in the UK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in 121 Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Cross-sectional Study

Goudouris

Pinto‐Mariz

Mendonça

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose: There is still scarce data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) and many questions. We aimed to describe the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian IEI patients and to identify factors influencing the outcome of infection.Methods: We did a cross-sectional, multicenter study that included patients of any age affected by IEI and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The variables studied were sex, age, type of IEI, comorbidities (number and type), treatment in use for IEI, clinical manifestations and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: 121 patients were included: 55.4% female, ages from six months to 74 yo (median age = 25.1 yo). Most patients had predominantly antibody deficiency (n=53). The infection presented mostly as asymptomatic (n=21) and mild (n=66), and one child had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). We could not observe sex related susceptibility and observed a weak correlation between age and severity of infection. The number of comorbidities was higher in severe cases, particularly bronchiectasis and cardiopathy. There were no severe cases in hereditary angioedema patients. Six patients aged 2 to 74 years died, three of them with antibody deficiency. Conclusion: The outcome was mild in most patients, but the Case Fatality Ratio was higher than in the general population. Patients with complement deficiencies had milder COVID-19. However, the type of IEI was not a determining factor for severity. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be more related to older age, higher number of comorbidities and type of comorbidities (bronchiectasis and cardiopathy).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Case reports and case series have been published about the clinical outcome of patients with IEI [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in 121 Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Cross-sectional Study

Goudouris

Pinto‐Mariz

Mendonça

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Opinion articles, ecologic studies, and articles unrelated to COVID-19 hIEI clinical outcomes were excluded. Eleven articles were included for final analysis including 6 case reports [19][20][21][22][23][24], 4 cohort studies [25][26][27][28], and 1 literature review of case reports [29]. Duplicate patient reports across studies were accounted for, and only patients with clearly defined hIEIs from cohort studies were included.…”

Section: Selection and Characteristics Of Sources Of Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our search identified 82 unique patients (34% female) with hIEIs and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from across the globe (Table 4). The majority of patients (49) had common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) [19,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Fifteen patients had agammaglobulinemia (12 X-linked, 3 autosomal recessive) [21,[25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Humoral Inborn Errors Of Immunity -Effects On Covid-19 Disease Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing B Cell Depletion Therapy and Those with Humoral Immunodeficiency States: A Scoping Review

Jones

Faruqi

Sullivan

et al. 2021

PAI

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Background: The role of humoral immunity has been well established in reducing infection risk and facilitating viral clearance in patients with COVID-19. However, the relationship between specific antibody responses and severity of COVID-19 is less well understood. Methods: To address this question and identify gaps in knowledge, we utilized the methodology of a scoping review to interrogate risk of infection and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with iatrogenic and inborn humoral immunodeficiency states based on existing literature. Results: Among patients with iatrogenic B-cell depletion, particularly with agents targeting CD20, our analysis found increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death across a range of underlying disease states. Among patients with humoral inborn errors of immunity with COVID-19, our synthesis found that patients with dysregulated humoral immunity, predominantly common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 than patients with humoral immunodeficiency states due to X-linked agammaglobulinemia and other miscellaneous forms of humoral immunodeficiency. There were insufficient data to appraise the risk of COVID-19 infection in both populations of patients. Conclusions: Our work identifies potentially significant predictors of COVID-19 severity in patients with humoral immunodeficiency states and highlights the need for larger studies to control for clinical and biologic confounders of disease severity.

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