COVID-19 in South Africa: lockdown strategy and its effects on public health and other contagious diseases

Hatefi, Shahrokh; Smith, Farouk; Abou-El-Hossein, Khaled; Alizargar, Javad

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.033

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The preventive measures were enforced in South Africa within 2 weeks after the outbreak of the disease in the country. The approach adopted was of long period of containment, initially for 4 weeks, extended for equal periods afterwards (Hatefi et al, 2020;SAG, 2020;Staunton et al, 2020). The gatherings were allowed for less than 100 people.…”

Section: The Preventive Measures Takenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preventive measures in the containment of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: a comparative study

Hoguane

Kumari²,

Haddout

et al. 2021

Health Care for Women International

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From the time when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019, strict regulations are being implemented by policy makers to contain the spread of the virus. The measures taken in different countries spanned from complete isolation and lockdown to different degrees of restrictions to people's movement, contact between people, hygiene and sanitation. Accordingly, the success in containing the virus also differed. Italy was one among the worst-affected countries in the world despite the lockdown measures adopted. A combination of lockdown and Level-3 State of Emergency measures were adopted in Portugal and South Africa, which helped to delay and flatten the epidemic curve. The timely application of Level-3 State of Emergency in Mozambique resulted in recording low infection rates. Above all the tripod, orderly movement of people, social distance and hygiene and sanitation is the keystone measure to prevent spread of the virus. However, for successful outcome, the measures have to be tailored to the local context.

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Section: The Preventive Measures Takenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preventive measures in the containment of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: a comparative study

Hoguane

Kumari²,

Haddout

et al. 2021

Health Care for Women International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Younger populations and pre-existing immunity due to overall higher rates of infectious diseases, including other coronaviruses, may also have contributed to lower rates of infection [ 7 ]. It is also likely that the swift implementation and strong enforcement of effective public health practices, such as lockdowns, along with previous experiences in responding to other outbreaks, aided these countries in stemming the early spread of COVID-19 disease [ 8 ]. While employing public health tactics proved effective in the medium-term, buying these health systems valuable time to build capacity for larger responses, these strategies have resounding social, economic, and health-related impacts and are not sustainable in the longer term [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of a Contextually-Appropriate COVID-19 Mortality Scale for Low-Resource Settings

Pigoga

Omer

Wallis

2021

Annals of Global Health

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Background: In many low- and middle-income countries, where vaccinations will be delayed and healthcare systems are underdeveloped, the COVID-19 pandemic will continue for the foreseeable future. Mortality scales can aid frontline providers in low-resource settings (LRS) in identifying those at greatest risk of death so that limited resources can be directed towards those in greatest need and unnecessary loss of life is prevented. While many prognostication tools have been developed for, or applied to, COVID-19 patients, no tools to date have been purpose-designed for, and validated in, LRS. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a pragmatic tool to assist LRS frontline providers in evaluating in-hospital mortality risk using only easy-to-obtain demographic and clinical inputs. Methods: Machine learning was used on data from a retrospective cohort of Sudanese COVID-19 patients at two government referral hospitals to derive contextually appropriate mortality indices for COVID-19, which were then assessed by C-indices. Findings: Data from 467 patients were used to derive two versions of the AFEM COVID-19 Mortality Scale (AFEM-CMS), which evaluates in-hospital mortality risk using demographic and clinical inputs that are readily obtainable in hospital receiving areas. Both versions of the tool include age, sex, number of comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure; in settings with pulse oximetry, oxygen saturation is included and in settings without access, heart rate is included. The AFEM-CMS showed good discrimination: the model including pulse oximetry had a C-statistic of 0.775 (95% CI: 0.737–0.813) and the model excluding it had a C-statistic of 0.719 (95% CI: 0.678–0.760). Conclusions: In the face of an enduring pandemic in many LRS, the AFEM-CMS serves as a practical solution to aid frontline providers in effectively allocating healthcare resources. The tool’s generalisability is likely narrow outside of similar extremely LRS settings, and further validation studies are essential prior to broader use.

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“…Compared with the previously discovered coronaviruses, COVID-19 has outstanding characteristics, which brings new challenges to the public health system construction of various countries in the world. First of all, COVID-19 is highly contagious, which makes it rapidly spread to most countries in the world ( 1 ). When most countries find signs of COVID-19, there is often a large area of COVID-19 infection, which makes the public health system construction in most countries difficult to respond to the development of COVID-19 in time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Experience of Public Health System Construction in China's COVID-19 Prevention

Zhang

2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: China's experience in the process of COVID-19 prevention provides a reference for other countries in the world. This article studied the experience of public health system construction in China's COVID-19 prevention.Methods: Based on literature review and theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a theoretical framework of national public health system construction in health crisis. Based on this theoretical framework, combined with the policies and measures formulated by the Chinese government in the process of COVID-19 prevention, this article evaluate the advantages and deficiencies of China's public health system construction in response to COVID-19.Results: The Chinese government ensured the adequate supply of health resources, improved people's ability to pay medical expenses, and adopted advanced public health propaganda methods based on the Internet to help people grasp the basic information and development trend of COVID-19 in the process of COVID-19 prevention. At the same time, the utilization efficiency of health resources was low in China, people's ability to pay for medical expenses was unequal, and the disclosure of virus information in the early stage of the outbreak of COVID-19 is not timely.Conclusions: Other countries can learn from the advantages of China's public health system construction and avoid China's deficiencies in the process of public health system construction, which will help them improve the efficiency of COVID-19 prevention.

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COVID-19 in South Africa: lockdown strategy and its effects on public health and other contagious diseases

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of preventive measures in the containment of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: a comparative study

Effect of preventive measures in the containment of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: a comparative study

Derivation of a Contextually-Appropriate COVID-19 Mortality Scale for Low-Resource Settings

Study on the Experience of Public Health System Construction in China's COVID-19 Prevention

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