COVID-19 Infection in 8 Big Cities of India: The Dynamics of the Spread and Seropositivity

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The surge of the Omicron variant has been studied in overall India, Delhi and Mumbai. The increase in the percentage share of the Omicron strain in total registered cases resulted in a surge of daily new infections. The pathogenicity of Original, Delta, and Omicron variants has been compared using the data collected at the Max Healthcare network in India. The Omicron wave was the least severe of all three waves. The third Omicron wave did not cause much damage due to hybrid immunity generated in the population as a result of vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The low pathogenic nature of the Omicron virus is also the reason for the less severe illnesses the variant caused. Hospitalization during the Omicron wave was just 10% of the Delta wave. The percentage of patients who needed oxygen support was the least during the Omicron wave (23.4%) followed by the Original (63%) and the Delta variant (74%). The less severe nature of the Omicron wave gave the hope of recovering from the deadly devastating COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of “long COVID” patients have been compared during all three waves. Nearly the same number of the patients at 5.3% and 5.16% had health issues during Original and Omicron waves, respectively whereas during the Delta surge 5.9% of patients with “long COVID” had symptoms.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Omicron Varian

Shervani¹,

Jamal

Qazi

et al. 2022

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“…The Omicron variant was found to be less harmful than the Wuhan and Delta strains when pathogenicity was compared in terms of CFR and hospitalization rate. A number of serological (SARS-CoV-2 antibodies) surveys were conducted in India, and the findings were published [12]- [16]. On the ground in the real world, the proportion (%) of antibodies produced through exposure to the virus and vaccination was determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Aftereffects (Long COVID) Associated with Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron Variants Reported in Japanese Hospitals

Shervani,

Bhardwaj,

Khan

et al. 2024

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COVID-19 patients who visited hospitals in Japan reported aftereffects, also known as Long COVID or Post COVID symptoms. The studycompared the Long COVID symptoms caused by the original Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron variants. The analysis of COVID-19 lingering symptoms(Post COVID) conducted by researchers in Japan have been included. Symptoms may last from one month to one year, putting a strain on thehealth care system. According to a joint study done by Osaka University and Toyonaka City on patients mostly infected with Omicron, one in fivepatients experienced aftereffects one month after their recovery. The report indicated that the symptoms improved over time. A majority of the patients reported difficulties with their daily activities. About 14%of the patients experienced aftereffects even one year after being discharged from hospitals, according to data recorded during Delta and previous waves that were presented to the Japanese government. Patients hospitalized during the Delta and Wuhan waves for SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a 50% reduction in symptoms between three and six months, according to a longitudinal follow-up study of sequelae. According to a gender-wise study, symptoms improved more quickly in women than in men. Compared to older patients, younger patients recovered a little faster in the firsttwo months. Patients infected during the first four non-Delta waves recovered slower than those infected during the Omicron surge. Longitudinalstudies of persistent symptoms are needed to develop treatments and possibly the COVID-19-specific drugs.

“…The results of the various SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys conducted in India have been given in references [11]- [15]. The % share of antibodies produced through exposer to the COVID-19 infection and by vaccination was determined on the ground in the real world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4th Serosurvey of Tamil Nadu: Infection and Vaccine Generated Hybrid Immunity

Shervani¹,

Nikhat²,

Hasan³

et al. 2023

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Salient findings of the fourth serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 infections conducted among the age cohort above 10 years in Tamil Nadu (India) have been described. The overall seroprevalence of 87% was reported in the survey done in December 2021, whereas in the first, second, and third surveys, the seropositivity was 32%, 29%, and 70%, respectively. The % share of the antibodies formed due to vaccination in the third and fourth surveys have the contributions of 6.2% and 28.3%, respectively as per the vaccination record of the state since the above given proportion of the state’s population (full population) was fully vaccinated (two-dose) by the time the two surveys were conducted. Age-wise break up of seropositivity of the fourth survey showed that the cohort of 10-18 years had the least (68.4%) seroprevalence and adults above 60 had the highest at 84.5%. The rate of the spread of the virus decreased due to the hybrid immunity developed by infection and vaccination. Using the vaccination and serological data, the % enhancement of the antibodies formed due to vaccination has been worked out in the real world on the ground.