COVID-19 lockdown and housing deprivation across European countries

Cañón, Luis Ayala; Bárcena‐Martín, Elena; Cantó, Olga; Navarro, Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114839

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“… 37 Despite evidence regarding the association between precarious housing and higher COVID-19 mortality and morbidity, precariously housed people were not prioritized in any European country in terms of testing, treatment, or vaccination. 38 Ayala et al 7 argued that the concept of housing precariousness, which had already tended to expand before the COVID-19 pandemic, should be further expanded in light of what we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. The unmet needs identified in this study also support the need for a broader concept.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 , 6 The surfacing inequalities in housing during the COVID-19 pandemic required an altered approach to housing which included standard housing deprivation criteria as well as living space, technology, environment, and neighborhood, and economic stress. 7 When a specific group is subjected to increased vulnerability to injury and death due to the absence of essential economic and social support, which also includes support related to housing in this case, precariousness transforms into precarity, a condition that is inherently political in nature. 8 , 9 The COVID19 pandemic has resulted in a global state of precarity in areas such as employment, housing, and food, where measures were not centered on equity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healthcare Access Worsened for Women in Precarious Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Sevik,

Ciceklioglu

2024

INQUIRY

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This research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of precariously housed women’s experiences related to health and access to health care during the COVID-19 pandemic using a grounded theory approach. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with 17 precariously housed women from Izmir, Turkey. Poor health among most participants was primarily attributed to unfavorable living conditions and weakened community networks. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health issues due to barriers in accessing basic needs. Food insecurity was widespread during the pandemic and the critical role of aid and the inadequacy of social assistance in securing food were emphasized. Women’s health perceptions were significantly shaped by gender, and gendered caregiving duties have restricted women’s healthcare access. Access to healthcare was also limited by financial challenges, with health insurance being a crucial determinant. Longer waiting times, often exacerbated by the appointment system, and language were significant barriers to healthcare access. The findings propose that the participants were precarized by the blindness of COVID-19 measures to vulnerabilities, which resulted in deeper inequalities in housing, food, employment, and healthcare access. This research addresses the political, commercial, and social determinants of precariously housed women’s health. Improving precariously housed women’s health and wellbeing requires implementation of public policies targeting to improve housing quality, provide targeted assistance to food insecurity, promote gender inclusiveness, and foster gender empowerment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Access Worsened for Women in Precarious Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Sevik,

Ciceklioglu

2024

INQUIRY

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“…Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Commission 52 , uses overcrowding, defined as the lack of an adequate number of rooms, as one of the variables to characterize severe housing deprivation, among other factors such as leaking roof, rot in window frames or floor, lack of bathtub or shower unit and indoor flushing toilet for sole use of the household, and too dark dwellings. Scientific literature also shows that overcrowding is the dimension that contributes most to determine housing deprivation 53 . Therefore, increasing the number of rooms per capita may help individuals and households to overcome severe material deprivation; this in turn may act by improving satisfaction with the government in place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting the socio-economic drivers of confidence in government with eXplainable Artificial Intelligence

Bellantuono

Palmisano

Amoroso

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The European Quality of Government Index (EQI) measures the perceived level of government quality by European Union citizens, combining surveys on corruption, impartiality and quality of provided services. It is, thus, an index based on individual subjective evaluations. Understanding the most relevant objective factors affecting the EQI outcomes is important for both evaluators and policy makers, especially in view of the fact that perception of government integrity contributes to determine the level of civic engagement. In our research, we employ methods of Artificial Intelligence and complex systems physics to measure the impact on the perceived government quality of multifaceted variables, describing territorial development and citizen well-being, from an economic, social and environmental viewpoint. Our study, focused on a set of regions in European Union at a subnational scale, leads to identifying the territorial and demographic drivers of citizens’ confidence in government institutions. In particular, we find that the 2021 EQI values are significantly related to two indicators: the first one is the difference between female and male labour participation rates, and the second one is a proxy of wealth and welfare such as the average number of rooms per inhabitant. This result corroborates the idea of a central role played by labour gender equity and housing policies in government confidence building. In particular, the relevance of the former indicator in EQI prediction results from a combination of positive conditions such as equal job opportunities, vital labour market, welfare and availability of income sources, while the role of the latter is possibly amplified by the lockdown policies related to the COVID-19 pandemics. The analysis is based on combining regression, to predict EQI from a set of publicly available indicators, with the eXplainable Artificial Intelligence approach, that quantifies the impact of each indicator on the prediction. Such a procedure does not require any ad-hoc hypotheses on the functional dependence of EQI on the indicators used to predict it. Finally, using network science methods concerning community detection, we investigate how the impact of relevant indicators on EQI prediction changes throughout European regions. Thus, the proposed approach enables to identify the objective factors at the basis of government quality perception by citizens in different territorial contexts, providing the methodological basis for the development of a quantitative tool for policy design.

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“…A review of the literature suggests various potential causal mechanisms through which people of low economic status tend to be more exposed to COVID-19. In this vein, an important source of inequality arises, for instance, from differences in the housing conditions of households during confinement ( Marí-Dell’Olmo et al, 2021 , Ayala et al, 2022 ). For example, living in overcrowded accommodations (a risk factor for respiratory tract infections) reduces the possibility of maintaining physical distance between household members ( Tunstall, 2020 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability and COVID-19 infection rates: A changing relationship during the first year of the pandemic

Bárcena‐Martín¹,

Molina²,

Muñoz-Fernandez³

et al. 2022

Economics & Human Biology

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COVID-19 lockdown and housing deprivation across European countries

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Healthcare Access Worsened for Women in Precarious Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Healthcare Access Worsened for Women in Precarious Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Detecting the socio-economic drivers of confidence in government with eXplainable Artificial Intelligence

Vulnerability and COVID-19 infection rates: A changing relationship during the first year of the pandemic

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