COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced antibody responses and neutralizing antibodies against three SARS-CoV-2 variants

Jalkanen, Pinja; Kolehmainen, Pekka; Häkkinen, Hanni K.; Huttunen, Moona; Tähtinen, Paula A.; Lundberg, Rickard; Maljanen, Sari; Reinholm, Arttu; Tauriainen, Sisko; Pakkanen, Sari H.; Levonen, Iris; Nousiainen, Arttu; Miller, Taru; Välimaa, Hanna; Ivaska, Lauri; Pasternack, Arja; Naves, Rauno; Ritvos, Olli; Österlund, Pamela; Kuivanen, Suvi; Smura, Teemu; Hepojoki, Jussi; Vapalahti, Olli; Lempainen, Johanna; Kakkola, Laura; Julkunen, Ilkka

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-343388/v1

Cited by 42 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, this trend was much less pronounced after the second dose and the impact of age was no more statistically significant at day 42. These observations are consistent with recent results obtained by Jalkanen et al who observed that IgG anti-Spike and neutralizing antibodies decreased significantly in the older age group (55–65 years) compared to younger age groups (20–44 years) but neutralizing antibody levels were similar between the two groups three weeks after the second dose [ 26 ]. Furthermore, this negative correlation between age and the magnitude of the antibody response was not observed in our volunteers with a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetics and Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

et al. 2021

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Background: Little is known about potential confounding factors influencing the humoral response in individuals having received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Blood samples from 231 subjects were collected before and 14, 28, and 42 days following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with BNT162b2. Anti-spike receptor-binding-domain protein (anti-Spike/RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured at each time-point. Impact of age, sex, childbearing age status, hormonal therapy, blood group, body mass index and past-history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were assessed by multivariable analyses. Results and Conclusions: In naïve subjects, the level of anti-Spike/RBD antibodies gradually increased following administration of the first dose to reach the maximal response at day 28 and then plateauing at day 42. In vaccinated subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, the plateau was reached sooner (i.e., at day 14). In the naïve population, age had a significant negative impact on anti-Spike/RBD titers at days 14 and 28 while lower levels were observed for males at day 42, when corrected for other confounding factors. Body mass index (BMI) as well as B and AB blood groups had a significant impact in various subgroups on the early response at day 14 but no longer after. No significant confounding factors were highlighted in the previously infected group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetics and Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

et al. 2021

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“…This trend was however much less pronounced after the second dose and the impact of age was no more statistically significant at day 42. These observations are consistent with recent results obtained by Jalkanen et al who observed that IgG anti-Spike and neutralizing antibodies decreased significantly in the older age group (55-65 years) compared to younger age groups (20-44 years) but neutralizing antibody levels were similar between the two groups three weeks after the second dose [25]. Furthermore, this negative correlation between age and the magnitude of the antibody response was not observed in our volunteers with an history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetic and the Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

Bayart¹,

Morimont²,

Closset³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Little is known about potential confounding factors influencing the humoral response in individuals having received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Blood samples from 231 subjects were collected before and 14, 28 and 42 days following COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2. Anti-Spike Receptor-Binding-Domain protein (anti-Spike/RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured at each time-point. Impact of age, sex, childbearing age status, hormonal therapy, blood group, body mass index and past-history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed by multivariable analyses. Results and Conclusions: In naïve subjects, the level of anti-Spike/RBD antibodies gradually increased following administration of the first dose to reach the maximal response at day 28 and then plateauing at day 42. In vaccinated subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, the plateau was reached sooner (i.e. at day 14). In the naïve population, age had a significant negative impact on anti-Spike/RBD titers at day 14 and 28 while lower levels were observed for males at day 42, when corrected for other confounding factors. BMI as well as B and AB blood groups had a significant impact in various subgroups on the early response at day 14 but no longer after. No significant confounding factors were highlighted in the previously infected group.

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“…Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 are of clinical concern and vaccine breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants in previously fully immunized individuals have been described [14] . These SARS-CoV-2 variants could have a direct impact on the available COVID-19 vaccines, as they can alter the neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies resulting in variable loss of efficacy [15] , [16] . However, it is not clear in such cases if it is the lower neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, inadequate T-cell responses, or genetic novelty of SARS-CoV-2 variants that caused these infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of total and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 spike -receptor binding domain antibodies with epidemiological and clinical characteristics after immunization with the 1st and 2nd doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine

Michos

Tatsi²,

Filippatos

et al. 2021

Vaccine

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Background Data regarding the association of antibody levels elicited after immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine with epidemiological and clinical parameters are limited. Methods We prospectively measured the total (TAbs-RBD) and the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs-RBD) against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a cohort of 268 Healthcare workers before immunization, 20 days after the 1 st dose and 30 days after the 2 nd dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. A statistical analysis for possible association of antibodies’ levels with epidemiological and clinical parameters was performed. Results The mean age (±SD) of the participants was 45.45 years (± 11.93) (range: 24-70 years) and 211 (79.9%) were females. Statistically significant differences were detected regarding both TAbs-RBD and NAbs-RBD between the first and second doses of the vaccine (P<0.001). The median (IQR) percentage (%) of NAbs-RBD after the 1 st dose was 51.07% (31.60%) and after the 2 nd dose 95.31% (3.70%) (P<0.001).The correlation between the TAbs-RBD and NAbs-RBD was after the 1 st dose, Spearman’s, rho: 0.861 ( P <0.001) and after the 2 nd dose rho: 0.989 ( P <0.001). Twenty days after the 1 st dose, 56/264 (21.2%) of the participants did not have detectable NAbs-RBD, while one month after the 2 nd dose all of them had detectable NAbs-RBD. After the 2 nd vaccine dose, a statistically significant negative association of TAbs-RBD was detected for age (P<0.001), smoking ( P =0.011), and immunosuppressive medications (P<0.001), while a positive association was detected for BMI (P=0.004) and systemic adverse events after immunization (P=0.001). Conclusion A significant correlation of TAbs-RBD and NAbs-RBD was detected after both vaccine doses. Older age, smoking, and immunosuppressive medications negatively affected the final antibody level after SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Our findings emphasize the significance of the 2 nd vaccine dose especially in the older age groups.

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COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced antibody responses and neutralizing antibodies against three SARS-CoV-2 variants

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetics and Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetics and Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetic and the Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

Association of total and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 spike -receptor binding domain antibodies with epidemiological and clinical characteristics after immunization with the 1st and 2nd doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine

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