COVID-19 pandemic crisis—a complete outline of SARS-CoV-2

Shaikh, Sana; Jose, Anooja P.; Nerkar, Disha Anil; Kv, Midhuna Vijaykumar; Shaikh, Saquib Khaleel

doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00133-y

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The α, β viruses cause infection in humans and γ, δ viruses cause infection in animals and birds. 17,18…”

Section: Classification Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two years of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward

Sharma¹,

Chauhan²

2022

IJMR

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Coronavirus has caused many outbreaks in the past. Two major outbreaks reported are SARS-CoV in China in the year 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012 in the Middle East. The present outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 originated from a seafood market in Wuhan city of China in December 2019 with most common manifestation of atypical pneumonia. WHO declared it as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. Many newer strains of the virus have been identified so far and multiple diagnostic and therapeutic interventions have been tried to contain the spread. This virus is mutating very fast and causing huge loss of human lives and economy. Keeping in view the limited knowledge of the disease, it becomes necessary to take all protective measures to overcome the current pandemic and to prepare strategies to mitigate the future challenges.

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“…The α, β viruses cause infection in humans and γ, δ viruses cause infection in animals and birds. 17,18…”

Section: Classification Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two years of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward

Sharma¹,

Chauhan²

2022

IJMR

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“…On December 31, 2019, COVID-19 was initially discovered in Wuhan, China. The condition became severe when many infected cases were reported in the “Huanan Seafood Market” (Shaikh et al, 2020). HKU1, HCoV229E, HCoVOC43, HCoVNL63, and HCoV229E are coronaviruses generally responsible for only minor common cold & respiratory infections in newborn infants and the elderly (Wormser & Aitken, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-silicoAnalysis of SARS-Cov2 Spike Proteins of Different Field Variants

Tariq¹,

Amir²,

Ikram³

2023

Preprint

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Background: Coronaviruses belong to the group of RNA family of viruses which trigger diseases in birds, humans, and mammals, which can cause respiratory tract infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has badly affected every part of the world, and the situation in the world is getting worse with the emergence of novel variants. Our study aims to explore the genome of SARS-CoV2 followed by in silico analysis of its proteins. Methods: Different nucleotide and protein variants of SARS-Cov2 were retrieved from NCBI. Contigs & consensus sequences were developed to identify variations in these variants by using SnapGene. Data of variants that significantly differ from each other was run through Predict Protein software to understand changes produced in protein structure The SOPMA web server was used to predict the secondary structure of proteins. Tertiary structure details of selected proteins were analyzed using the online web server SWISS-MODEL. Findings: Sequencing results shows numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms in surface glycoprotein, nucleocapsid, ORF1a, and ORF1ab polyprotein. While envelope, membrane, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 genes have no or few SNPs. Contigs were mto identifyn of variations in Alpha & Delta Variant of SARs-CoV-2 with reference strain (Wuhan). The secondary structures of SARs-CoV-2 proteins were predicted by using sopma software & were further compared with reference strain of SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan) proteins. The tertiary structure details of only spike proteins were analyzed through the SWISS-MODEL and Ramachandran plot. By Swiss-model, a comparison of the tertiary structure model of SARS-COV-2 spike protein of Alpha & Delta Variant was made with reference strain (Wuhan). Alpha & Delta Variant of SARs-CoV-2 isolates submitted in GISAID from Pakistan with changes in structural and nonstructural proteins were compared with reference strain & 3D structure mapping of spike glycoprotein and mutations in amino acid were seen. Conclusion: The surprising increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 transmission has forced numerous countries to impose a total lockdown due to an unusual occurrence. In this research, we employed in silico computational tools to analyze SARS-CoV-2 genomes worldwide to detect vital variations in structural proteins and dynamic changes in all SARS-CoV-2 proteins, mainly spike proteins, produced due to many mutations. Our analysis revealed substantial differences in functional, immunological, physicochemical, & structural variations in SARS-CoV-2 isolates. However real impact of these SNPs can only be determined further by experiments. Our results can aid in vivo and in vitro experiments in the future.

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“…According to the data site of the Covid-19 task force as of March 14, 2021, the number of cases in Indonesia was 1,419,455 and the number of deaths 38,426 (3). WHO recommends always maintaining hand hygiene and a distance of at least 1 meter from other people to avoid Covid-19 (4,5). The government's role is very decisive in reducing the spread of Covid-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of health protocols in the workplace during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Yuantari¹,

Rachmani²,

Kusuma³

et al. 2023

SEEJPH

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Background: Covid-19 is a new disease for which no cure has been found; prevention of disease transmission is an alternative to reducing cases. The workplace is one of the places that have the potential for information of Covid-19 because workers will have direct contact in one place with other workers. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and availability of health protocol facilities on worker compliance in the workplace during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: The research method uses quantitative methods with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study are workers who work in formal and informal sectors in Indonesia, with a sample of 217 respondents. Data collection used a survey method and obtained as much as 217 data. For data processing, we used the Rank Spearman test. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between years of service (p-value 0.008; rho: 0.148), educational level (p-value 0.000; rho: 0.363), number of employees (p-value 0.000; rho: 0.488), and the availability of health protocol facilities (p-value 0.000; r: 0.498) at the workplace. As for age and the level of compliance with the application of health protocols, there was no relationship (p-value 0.044). Discussion: The level of compliance with suitable health protocols at the workplace can help suppress the spread of Covid-19. There are still workplaces where workers do not comply with health protocols, such as workers who do not practice social distancing and lower masks to their chins when talking to colleagues.

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COVID-19 pandemic crisis—a complete outline of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 4 publications

References 96 publications

Two years of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward

Two years of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward

In-silicoAnalysis of SARS-Cov2 Spike Proteins of Different Field Variants

Implementation of health protocols in the workplace during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

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