COVID-19 Prevention Policies Reduce Pediatric Hospital Mortality Due to Community-acquired Pneumonia

Dias, Carolina Frizzera; Sarria, Edgar E.; Scheffel, Camila; Delatorre, Laura B; Sapiro, Alexander; Baldissera, Marilisa; Chiapinotto, Sabrina; Mocelin, Helena Teresinha; Fischer, Gilberto Bueno; Mattiello, Rita

doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2021.09.010

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hospital admissions reduced by 0.47 times for pneumonia, pneumonia (patients with COPD) reduced by 0.54 times, and pneumonia (patients with asthma) reduced by 0.38 times when comparison with 2016–2019 ( 24 ). Additionally, the study of Bodilsen et al [2021] and Dias et al [2022] showed a decrease in hospitalizations and mortality due to pneumonia during the lockdown intervention period ( 25 , 26 ). These studies also suggested that a decrease in pneumonia may be related to the prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decreased impact of air pollution on hospital pneumonia visits during COVID-19 outbreak in northeastern Thailand

Roudreo,

Puangthongthub

2024

J Thorac Dis

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had effects on changes in people, society, and pollutant sources. This was a unique research opportunity to assess the effects on the risk of pneumonia resulted from the changes in air pollution and personal hygiene regarding city lockdown. Methods This study, we estimated time-series relative risks (RRs) of pneumonia (n=94,288) associated with PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and O 3 in Khon Kaen province and its vicinity, using Poison regression with generalized additive model and compared air pollutant-associated risk of pneumonia before vs. during the COVID-19 outbreak [2018–2021]. Results During the COVID-19 period, pneumonia cases, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 levels were lower than those before the COVID-19 but the O 3 level was significantly higher. The single-pollutant analyses showed that the increase in PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and NO 2 were significantly associated with pneumonia risks at single-day lag 0 in the earlier two years (2018–2019). For multi-pollutant analyses, there were higher RRs in PM 2.5 at lag 0 [RR =1.078, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004 to 1.157], lag 4 (RR =1.054, 95% CI: 1.011 to 1.098) and lag 5 (RR =1.090, 95% CI: 1.021 to 1.165) and for all cumulative-day lags, greatest was at lag 0–5 (RR =1.314, 95% CI: 1.200 to 1.439) before the COVID-19 period while there were lower pneumonia RRs of a 10-µg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 at single-day lag 1 (RR =1.064, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.130) and for all cumulative-day lags, greatest was at lag 0–5 (RR =1.201, 95% CI: 1.073 to 1.344) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multi-pollutant of NO 2 significantly increased pneumonia risk in cumulative day exposure before the COVID-19 outbreak at lag 0–3 (RR =1.050, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.100). It was significantly greater than that risk during the outbreak. Conclusions This study revealed that the lockdown measures to control COVID-19 were effective in improving air quality and lowering associated pneumonia risk. These findings would help raise awareness about measures and policies to preserve the air quality to increase respiratory health benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decreased impact of air pollution on hospital pneumonia visits during COVID-19 outbreak in northeastern Thailand

Roudreo,

Puangthongthub

2024

J Thorac Dis

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“…Fan et al also demonstrated that the prevalence of asthma exacerbations did not decrease while the air quality was improved during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 23 ]. In contrast, Dias et al highlighted policies for COVID-19 prevention could significantly reduce in hospitalization mortality due to pediatric pneumonia [ 46 ]. This may be because PM is a heterogeneous chemical mixture of solids and liquids containing organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic salts, and metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Pediatric Respiratory Diseases: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

Cheng

Tseng

Huang

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The level and composition of air pollution have changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the association between air pollution and pediatric respiratory disease emergency department (ED) visits during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. The study was retrospectively conducted between 2017 and 2020 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2020, defined as the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 1 January 2017 to 31 May 2019, defined as the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period. We enrolled patients under 17 years old who visited the ED in a medical center and were diagnosed with respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, and acute pharyngitis. Measurements of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters of <10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3) were collected. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the interquartile range of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 levels was associated with increases of 72.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.5–97.7%), 98.0% (95% CI, 70.7–129.6%), and 54.7% (95% CI, 38.7–72.6%), respectively, in the risk of pediatric respiratory disease ED visits on lag 1, which were greater than those in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period. After adjusting for temperature and humidity, the risk of pediatric respiratory diseases after exposure to PM2.5 (inter p = 0.001) and PM10 (inter p < 0.001) was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 may play important roles in pediatric respiratory events in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were lower; however, the levels were related to a greater increase in ED during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Features of the course of community-acquired pneumonia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Savelyeva

Gadetskaya

Korsunskiy

2022

RPJ

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Introduction. The basis of the work was a retrospective analysis of the course of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children with COVID-19. Aim. To determine the features of the course of CAP before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in children from birth to 18 years. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of ninety five children (n = 95) who were treated at the Speransky Children’s Hospital No. 9 before the pandemic (October-November 2019; n = 45) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020 and October-November 2020; n = 50). All the received data are processed statistically. Results. It was found that before the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly adolescents aged 13-17 years were ill, during the pandemic younger children (6-12 years old) became ill more often. With the onset of the pandemic, the course of CAP changed significantly: fever, cough, shortness of breath were typical clinical signs; local signs were more pronounced in children during the pandemic: weakened and hard breathing was more often detected. Leukocytosis and accelerated ESR prevailed in patients with CAP before the pandemic. At the same time, CRP was a more sensitive marker of inflammation. It was revealed that with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of atypical pneumonia decreased, which may be due to anti-epidemic measures, but the prevalence of pneumonia of unknown etiology increased. Decreased oxygen saturation was a more frequent rule in CAP during the pandemic. Lobar pneumonia prevailed in children before the pandemic, and polysegmental pneumonia prevailed in patients during the pandemic. Conclusion. The features presented by the authors of the manifestations of community-acquired pneumonia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic make it possible to optimize their diagnosis using clinical and laboratory signs.

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COVID-19 Prevention Policies Reduce Pediatric Hospital Mortality Due to Community-acquired Pneumonia

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

A decreased impact of air pollution on hospital pneumonia visits during COVID-19 outbreak in northeastern Thailand

A decreased impact of air pollution on hospital pneumonia visits during COVID-19 outbreak in northeastern Thailand

Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Pediatric Respiratory Diseases: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

Features of the course of community-acquired pneumonia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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