COVID-19 prophylaxis in immunosuppressed patients: Beyond vaccination

Abstract

Since early 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVIDAU : PleasenotethatCOVID À 19hasbeendefine-19) pandemic has caused hundreds of millions of cases and several million deaths worldwide [1]. The development of effective vaccination has substantially changed the course of the pandemic, and the introduction of mass vaccination policies in most high-and middle-income countries has drastically reduced the number of new cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, vaccination is not the only tool able to provide immune prophylaxis against COVID-19. Herein, we discuss the use of monoclonal antibodies in addition to vaccination in order to better protect vulnerable people, particularly those with immunosuppression.

Potent human broadly SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing IgA and IgG antibodies effective against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2

“…Taking into account the healthcare benefits afforded by antibody therapies to fight COVID-19 ( Corti et al, 2021 ; Singh et al, 2022 ) and considering the excellent antiviral attributes of Cv2.1169 and Cv2.3194, these two antibodies represent promising candidates for prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Long-acting versions of these broadly SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing antibodies with extended half-life could be used to provide protective immunity in immunocompromised populations ( Gentile and Schiano Moriello, 2022 ).…”

Potent Human Broadly SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing IgA and IgG Antibodies Effective Against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2

“…Taking into account healthcare benefits afforded by antibody therapies to fight COVID-19 (Corti et al, 2021; Singh et al, 2022), and considering the excellent antiviral attributes of Cv2.1169 and Cv2.3194, these two antibodies represent promising candidates for prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Long-acting versions of these broadly SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with extended half-life could be used to provide protective immunity in immunocompromised populations (Gentile and Schiano Moriello, 2022).…”

Development of an Escape-resistant SARS CoV-2 Neutralizing Synthetic Nanobody

“…2.624x10 5 <1x10 -7 0.9996 4.485x10 -9 8.937x10 4 4.008x10 -4 0.9991 Delta <1x10 -12 2.413x10 5 <1x10 -7 0.9996 7.722x10 -9 7.213x10 4 5.570x10 -4 0.9995 Delta+ 1.562x10 -10 3.688x10 5 5.760x10 -5 0.9993 3.414x10 -9 1.634x10 5 5.579x10 -4 0.9995 Beta <1x10 -12 2.538x10 5 1.226x10 -7 0.9983 3.722x10 -9 2.535x10 5 9.435x10 -4 0.9976 Omicron 2.968x10 -9 3.571x10 5 1.060x10 -3 0.9944 9.493x10 -9 4.342x10 5 4.122x10 -3 0.9883…”

“…The last outbreak of the Omicron (B.1.1529) variant abrogated the majority of the FDA-authorized antibody treatments (4). Despite the lower mortality rate from the Omicron variant, its antibody treatment is still in high demand, especially for immunosuppressed patients, as well as high risk group patients being not able to be fully vaccinated (5). As the antibody discovery and clinical approval is a time-consuming process even under the special conditions for COVID-19 treatment authorization, it is necessary to have a pipeline of VoC neutralizing binders identification and isolation.…”