COVID-19: Risk of increase in smoking rates among England’s 6 million smokers and relapse among England’s 11 million ex-smokers

Patwardhan, Pooja

doi:10.3399/bjgpopen20x101067

Cited by 77 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism by which this virus causes organ injury and, in particular, the immune system, which is mounted in response to the infection. A few studies have now identified other risk factors for severe complications and death due to COVID-19, namely smoking and obesity (Lighter et al, 2020;Patwardhan, 2020). The findings related to obesity are plausible since obese individuals tend to be more difficult to intubate, and excess body weight may contribute to increased pressure on the diaphragm, which may make breathing more difficult during infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme 2 in Obesity: Implications for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Age, smoking, obesity, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes have been described as risk factors for severe complications and mortality in COVID-19. Obesity and diabetes are usually associated with dysregulated lipid synthesis and clearance, which can initiate or aggravate pulmonary inflammation and injury. It has been shown that for viral entry into the host cell, SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors present on the cells. We aimed to characterize how SARS-CoV-2 dysregulates lipid metabolism pathways in the host and the effect of dysregulated lipogenesis on the regulation of ACE2, specifically in obesity. In our study, through the re-analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data, we first found that lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed upregulation of genes associated with lipid metabolism, including the SOC3 gene, which is involved in the regulation of inflammation and inhibition of leptin signaling. This is of interest as viruses may hijack host lipid metabolism to allow the completion of their viral replication cycles. Furthermore, a dataset using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity showed a significant increase in Ace2 expression in the lungs, which negatively correlated with the expression of genes that code for sterol response element-binding proteins 1 and 2 (SREBP). Suppression of Srebp1 showed a significant increase in Ace2 expression in the lung. Moreover, ACE2 expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue can be regulated through changes in diet. Validation of the in silico data revealed a higher expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and SREBP1 in vitro in lung epithelial cells from obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects. To our knowledge this is the first study to show upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in obesity. In silico and in vitro results suggest that the dysregulated lipogenesis and the subsequently high ACE2 expression in obese patients might be the mechanism underlying the increased risk for severe complications in those patients when infected by SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme 2 in Obesity: Implications for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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“…The unprecedented countermeasures ordered in response to the pandemic, particularly social distancing and lockdown, have had social and economic consequences (such as temporary or definitive unemployment) with additional negative effects. This raises the worrisome possibility of an increase in tobacco consumption and smoking relapses (Patwardhan 2020). In France, more than a quarter of smokers in the general population reported increased tobacco consumption during lockdown (Santé Publique France 2020).…”

Section: Impact Of the Pandemic On Tobacco Consumption And Tobacco-rementioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and COVID-19: a crisis within a crisis?

Alla

Berlin

Nguyen-Thanh

et al. 2020

Can J Public Health

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During the pandemic, the world's media have publicized preliminary findings suggesting that tobacco use is protective against COVID-19. An ad hoc multidisciplinary group was created to address the major public health implications of this messaging. Key messages of this commentary are as follows: 1) The COVID-19 crisis may increase tobacco consumption and decrease access to healthcare. As a result, smoking-related morbidity and mortality could increase in the coming months and years; 2) Smoking and tobacco-related diseases are prognostic factors for severe COVID-19; and 3) In theory, smokers may be at lower risk of COVID-19 infection because of having fewer social contacts. In conclusion, tobacco control is a greater challenge than ever in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public decision-makers must be vigilant in ensuring that public health practices are consistent and compliant with the principles of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In addition, researchers and the media have a responsibility to be cautious in communicating preliminary results that may promote nonevidence-based research, self-destructive individual behaviours, and commercial agendas. Résumé Pendant la pandémie, des résultats préliminaires sur l'effet protecteur du tabac sur la COVID-19 ont été largement diffusés dans le monde entier. Dans ce contexte, et en raison des questions de santé publique liées à ce sujet, un groupe multidisciplinaire ad hoc a été créé en réponse aux demandes des institutions de santé publique. Les messages clés de ce commentaire sont les suivants : 1) La crise de la COVID-19 pourrait entraîner une augmentation de la consommation de tabac et une diminution de l'accès aux soins. En conséquence, la morbidité et la mortalité liées au tabagisme pourraient augmenter dans les mois et les années à venir; 2) Le tabagisme et les maladies liées au tabac sont des facteurs pronostiques de formes graves de la COVID-19; et 3) Hypothétiquement, les fumeurs, notamment en réduisant la fréquence et la durée des contacts sociaux, pourraient être moins susceptibles d'être contaminés. En conclusion, même pendant et malgré la crise sanitaire due à la pandémie de la COVID-19, la lutte contre le tabagisme reste plus que jamais un défi. Les décideurs publics doivent être particulièrement vigilants pour assurer la cohérence des pratiques publiques, y compris le respect des principes de la Convention-cadre de l'OMS pour la lutte antitabac. Il incombe également aux chercheurs et aux médias de communiquer avec prudence des résultats préliminaires susceptibles de générer des comportements individuels contre-productifs et d'être instrumentalisés à des fins commerciales.

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“…Finalmente, vale a pena reforçar que, desde a década de 1980, o Brasil desenvolve inúmeras ações estruturadas para controle do tabagismo. No entanto, a epidemia do Covid-19 e os seus diversos impactos sobre o indivíduo, tais como o aumento de estresse em razão da incerteza quanto ao futuro (inclusive em função da recessão econômica) e o isolamento social em casa, representam um desafio potencial para a implementação efetiva das ações voltadas para a prevenção da iniciação, prevenção da recaída entre os milhões de ex-fumantes brasileiros e estímulo à cessação 17 .…”

Section: Conclusãounclassified

Associação entre Fumar e Progressão para Complicações Respiratórias Graves em Pacientes com Covid-19

Szklo

2020

Rev. Brasileira.De.Cancerologia

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O tabagismo é considerado um grave problema de saúde pública e uma das suas complicações é a redução da capacidade respiratória do indivíduo. Além disso, fumar aumenta o risco de infecções bacterianas e virais, tais como doença pulmonar pneumocócica invasiva, influenza e tuberculose. Essas comorbidades representam importantes fatores de risco para as complicações e óbito pelo coronavírus 2019 (Covid-19). Este texto busca fazer um resumo crítico dos dados disponíveis e publicados em revistas indexadas sobre a associação entre fumar e evolução de complicações respiratórias relacionadas ao Covid-19.

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COVID-19: Risk of increase in smoking rates among England’s 6 million smokers and relapse among England’s 11 million ex-smokers

Cited by 77 publications

References 1 publication

Regulation of Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme 2 in Obesity: Implications for COVID-19

Regulation of Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme 2 in Obesity: Implications for COVID-19

Tobacco and COVID-19: a crisis within a crisis?

Associação entre Fumar e Progressão para Complicações Respiratórias Graves em Pacientes com Covid-19

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