“…In recent years, the rise of big data has led to the emergence of a new trend in Olympic data science research: multi-source and interdisciplinary. The joint analyses of Olympic data and social-economic data (Bernard and Busse, 2004 ; Forrest et al, 2010 ; Scelles et al, 2020 ), socio-demographic data (Smith et al, 2015 ; Guo et al, 2022 ), and even Google Trends data (Bauman et al, 2021 ) have provided quantitative bases for policy-making around elite sport, public economics, and public health throughout the Olympic bidding, preparing, and legacy managing (World Health Organization, 2010 ; Lee and Kim, 2013 ; Preuss, 2022 ; Russo et al, 2022 ), and have eventually deepened the integration between sport science and other disciplines such as econometrics, psychology, and medicine.…”