COVID-19 Timeline of Vietnam: Important Milestones Through Four Waves of the Pandemic and Lesson Learned

Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Quan, Nguyen Khoi; Le, Thuy; Khanh, Phan Nguyen Quoc; Huy, Nguyen Tien

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.709067

Cited by 55 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The clinical features of COVID-19 patients manifest a broad spectrum of severity [ 2 ]. The Vietnamese clinical grading system of severity classified COVID-19 patients into five categories: asymptomatic patient, mild disease, moderate pneumonia, severe pneumonia, and critical situation [ 3 , 14 ]. In this study, asymptomatic patients made up 10.7% of the total, mild patients made up 20.9%, moderate patients made up 21.4%, severe patients made up 38%, and critical patients made up 9.4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Chest X-Ray Scores in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With the Clinical Severity Classification and the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index

Duc¹,

Thuy²,

Nam³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Objectives This study aimed to assess the role of chest X-ray (CXR) scoring methods and their correlations with the clinical severity categories and the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index (qCSI). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 159 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed and treated at the University Medical Center between July and September 2021. Chest X-ray findings were evaluated, and severity scores were calculated using the modified CXR (mCXR), Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE), and Brixia scoring systems. The three scores were then compared to the clinical severity categories and the qCSI using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results Overall, 159 patients (63 males and 96 females) (mean age: 58.3 ± 15.7 years) were included. The correlation coefficients between the mCXR score and the Brixia and RALE scores were 0.9438 and 0.9450, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the RALE and Brixia scores was marginally higher, at 0.9625. The correlation coefficients between the qCSI and the Brixia, RALE, and mCXR scores were 0.7298, 0.7408, and 0.7156, respectively. The significant difference in the mean values of the three CXR scores between asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical groups was also noted. Conclusions There were strong correlations between the three CXR scores and the clinical severity classification and the qCSI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Chest X-Ray Scores in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With the Clinical Severity Classification and the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index

Duc¹,

Thuy²,

Nam³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…In Qatar, a study showed that infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was associated with more severe disease than infection with the Beta variant ( 34 ). From April 27, 2021, to September 12, 2021, 601,349 cases and 15,018 deaths were reported in Vietnam caused by the Delta variant, which was confirmed as the most complicated and dangerous variant, with the most deaths recorded ( 35 ). This may explain the highest number of deaths observed in the first two waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evolving trend change during the COVID-19 pandemic

Gao¹,

Zheng

Shi³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused unimaginable damage to public health and socio-economic structures worldwide; thus, an epidemiological depiction of the global evolving trends of this disease is necessary. As of March 31, 2022, the number of cases increased gradually over the four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating the need for continuous countermeasures. The highest total cases per million and total deaths per million were observed in Europe (240,656.542) and South America (2,912.229), despite these developed countries having higher vaccination rates than other continents, such as Africa. In contrast, the lowest of the above two indices were found in undeveloped African countries, which had the lowest number of vaccinations. These data indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic is positively related to the socio-economic development level; meanwhile, the data suggest that the vaccine currently used in these continents cannot completely prevent the spread of COVID-19. Thus, rethinking the feasibility of a single vaccine to control the disease is needed. Although the number of cases in the fourth wave increased exponentially compared to those of the first wave, ~43.1% of deaths were observed during the first wave. This was not only closely linked to multiple factors, including the inadequate preparation for the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the gradual reduction in the severity of additional variants, and the protection conferred by prior infection and/or vaccination, but this also indicated the change in the main driving dynamic in the fourth wave. Moreover, at least 12 variants were observed globally, showing a clear spatiotemporal profile, which provides the best explanation for the presence of the four waves of the pandemic. Furthermore, there was a clear shift in the trend from multiple variants driving the spread of disease in the early stage of the pandemic to a single Omicron lineage predominating in the fourth wave. These data suggest that the Omicron variant has an advantage in transmissibility over other contemporary co-circulating variants, demonstrating that monitoring new variants is key to reducing further spread. We recommend that public health measures, along with vaccination and testing, are continually implemented to stop the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“… 12 In Vietnam, the third wave of the COVID-19 was the most serious outbreak, which started in January 2021 due to the alpha variant, followed by the fast-spreading fourth wave due to the delta variant from April 2021. 2 Supplementary Figure S2 shows the four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. Our study found that 23.1% of older adults visiting geriatric clinics experienced falls in the community during the two severe COVID-19 outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first COVID-19 cases were reported in January 2020, 1 there have been four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam, a lower middle-income country in Southeast Asia. 2 The Government of Vietnam has responded promptly and flexibly to achieve effective control of the pandemic through multiple policy tools and drastic measures, combined with launching the largest and fastest free vaccination campaign ever for the entire population of the country. 3 , 4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in Vietnam, 10,749,324 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 43,088 deaths have been reported as of July 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falls Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

Nguyen¹,

Nguyen²,

Hoang³

2022

CIA

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Purpose We aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with falls in older adult outpatients during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Vietnam. Patients and Methods From February 2022 to June 2022, this cross-sectional study included 814 patients (aged ≥60 years; mean age 71.8 ± 7.3 years; women, 65.2%) attending three geriatric clinics for a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Self-reported fall events in the past 12 months and post-COVID-19 falls were assessed. Factors associated with falls were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 188 patients (23.1%) had falls (single fall, 75.5%; recurrent falls, 24.5%). The most frequent location, time, and circumstance of falls were the bedroom (43.1%), morning (54.3%), and dizziness (34.6%), respectively. Most patients experienced health issues after falls (bruise/grazes, 53.7%; fracture, 12.8%; immobility, 9.6%; hospital admission, 14.9%). In the adjusted model, factors associated with falls were being underweight (odds ratio [OR] 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–4.56, P = 0.003), limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.05–3.95, P = 0.036), poor sleep quality (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.10–3.05, P = 0.020), and fear of falling (OR 3.45, 95% CI 2.23–5.33, P <0.001). Among 357 COVID-19 infected patients, post-COVID-19 falls occurred in 35 patients (9.8%) and were associated with fear of falling (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.18–8.40, P = 0.023) and post-COVID-19 lower limb weakness (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.07–6.10, P = 0.035). Conclusion Our study found a substantial prevalence of falls among older outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. Management of factors associated with falls may be needed to reduce the burden of falls in the older population.

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COVID-19 Timeline of Vietnam: Important Milestones Through Four Waves of the Pandemic and Lesson Learned

Cited by 55 publications

References 14 publications

Correlation of Chest X-Ray Scores in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With the Clinical Severity Classification and the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index

Correlation of Chest X-Ray Scores in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With the Clinical Severity Classification and the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index

Evolving trend change during the COVID-19 pandemic

Falls Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

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