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Inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase (L-1) and potato 5-lipoxygenase (5-PLO) by the pyrazoline derivatives phenidone and BW755C only occurs after oxidation of these compounds by the peroxidase-like activity of the lipoxygenases. There is a clear relationship between this oxidation and the irreversible inactivation of L-1. The final product of phenidone oxidation by L-1, 4,5-didehydrophenidone, is not responsible of this inactivation, but the species derived from a one-electron oxidation of phenidone plays a key role in L-1 inactivation. In the absence of O2, inactivation of 1 mol of L-1 occurs after the oxidation of 34 mol of phenidone and the covalent binding of 0.8 mol of phenidone-derived metabolite(s) to L-1. In the presence of O2, inactivation of 1 mol of L-1 occurs already after oxidation of 11 mol of phenidone and only involves the covalent binding of 0.4 mol of phenidone-derived metabolite(s) to L-1. A mechanism is proposed for L-1 inactivation by phenidone, which involves the irreversible binding of a phenidone metabolite to the protein and the oxidation of an L-1 amino acid residue (in the presence of O2).

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Advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) are helping to make water management smarter and optimizing consumption in the smart agriculture industry. This article proposes a new topology of sensor nodes based on the use of inexpensive and highly efficient components, such as water level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and rain sensors. Additionally, to guarantee good performance of the system, the used transmission module is based on LoRa LPWAN technology. The design of the main circuit board of the system is optimized by combining two layers and implementing software optimization. The overall sensor network is developed and tested in the research lab, and real farms can be controlled by users manually or automatically using the mobile application. Experimental results are produced by testing sensor and communication link effectiveness, and are subsequently validated in the field through a one-week measurement campaign.

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