COVID-19 vaccination and dialysis patients: why the variable response

Yen, Ju-Shao; Wang, I‐Kuan; Yen, Tzung‐Hai

doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab171

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…21 These vaccines are produced by using a variety of platforms, including mRNA targeting particular SARS-CoV-2 antigens, viral-vectorbased, or inactivated-virus-based vaccines, with intramuscular injection being the most common method of administration. [21][22][23] To date, all vaccinations approved for use in the general public have demonstrated seroconversion. 21 Since oral and nasal routes are the most favoured pathways for respiratory viruses, we investigated whether we can monitor antibody responses in individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 with the currently available vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibody Responses Following Two Doses of Match and Mixed COVID-19 Vaccines Regimens in Saudi Population

Mubarak¹,

Almutairi²,

Al-Dhabbah³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to threaten the human population with millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Vaccination campaigns undertaken by several countries have resulted in a notable decrease in hospitalization and deaths. However, with the emergence of new virus variants, it is critical to determine the longevity and the protection efficiency provided by the current authorized vaccines. Aim The aims of this study are to provide data about the magnitude of immune responses in individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 in Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia. Also, to evaluate the continuity of specific IgG levels and compare the titers in individuals who have been received two doses of the matched and mixed vaccines, including Pfizer and AstraZeneca against SARS-CoV-2 during the period of three to six months. Moreover, we analyze the current state of immune response in terms of antibody responses in thepopulation postvaccination using homogenous or hetrogenous vaccine regimen. Methods A total of 141 healthy volunteers were recruited to our study; blood (n=63) and the saliva samples (n=78) and were collected from fully vaccinated individuals in Riyadh city. We employed a specific ELISA assay in plasma and saliva of fully vaccinated individuals. Results IgG levels varied with age groups with the highest concentration in the age group 19–29 years, but the age group (≥50) had the lowest IgG concentration. The IgG levels in both serum and saliva were higher after three months and start to wane after six months. Individuals who received mixed types of vaccines had significantly better response than Pfizer vaccine alone. Conclusion The current study investigates the status of humoral responses in different age groups, in terms of antibody measurements. These data will help to evaluate the need for further COVID-19 vaccine doses and to what extent a two-dose regimen will protect vaccinated individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibody Responses Following Two Doses of Match and Mixed COVID-19 Vaccines Regimens in Saudi Population

Mubarak¹,

Almutairi²,

Al-Dhabbah³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…The clinical characteristics of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy and the particularly elevated mortality rate found in the first year of the pandemic led the health authorities to include this population in a priority vaccination program, including both primary series and booster doses [ 37 ]. However, given the uremia-related immune dysfunction, data on responsiveness to COVID-19 vaccines in dialysis patients are inconclusive, similarly to other vaccinations (i.e., inactivated influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines) [ 23 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our experience, we observed a prolonged viral clearance in dialysis patients who recovered from COVID-19 in front of a sufficient antibody response, which, however, tends to wane rapidly over time [ 21 , 22 ]. Compared to immunocompetent subjects with normal renal function, data on the responsiveness of dialysis patients toward COVID-19 vaccination are elusive [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Dialysis Patients: Epidemiological Analysis and Evaluation of the Clinical Progress

Mosconi

Fantini

Righini³

et al. 2022

JCM

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This study investigated the impact of the fourth COVID-19 pandemic wave on dialysis patients of Romagna territory, assessing the associations of vaccination status with infection risk, clinical severity and mortality. From November 2021 to February 2022, an epidemiological search was conducted on 829 patients under dialysis treatment for at least one month. The data were then analyzed with reference to the general population of the same area. A temporal comparison was also carried out with the previous pandemic waves (from March 2020 to October 2021). The epidemiological evolution over time in the dialysis population and in Romagna citizens replicated the global trend, as the peak of the fourth wave corresponded to the time of maximum diffusion of omicron variant (B.1.1.529). Of 771 prevalent dialysis patients at the beginning of the study, 109 (14.1%) contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection during the 4-month observation period. Vaccine adherence in the dialysis population of the reference area was above 95%. Compared to fully or partially vaccinated subjects, the unvaccinated ones showed a significantly higher proportion of infections (12.5% vs. 27.0% p = 0.0341), a more frequent need for hospitalization (22.2% vs. 50.0%) and a 3.3-fold increased mortality risk. These findings confirm the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in keeping infectious risk under control and ameliorating clinical outcomes in immunocompromised patients.

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“…Most current studies have indicated that older age is a negative predictor of immune response after vaccination. 24 The development of immune memory decreases with age because aging T cells favor short-term inflammatory effects over memory or follicular helper T cells. Indeed, elderly patients undergoing HD typically have a lower response to vaccines versus younger patients due to immune aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Humoral Responses of Hemodialysis Patients After Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Zhao¹,

Shi²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Purpose To detect antibody responses to inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to investigate vaccine-related adverse events. Patients and Methods A total of 120 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 24 healthy controls (HCs) who had not been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and had received their first dose of the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac Biotech Ltd) were recruited for this study. All participants were scheduled to receive a second dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Serum-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 were detected at least 14 days after the second dose of vaccine using a commercial kit. Positive and negative results were defined as a sample/cutoff (S/CO) ratio≥1.00 and <1.00, respectively. Vaccination-related adverse events were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences regarding the seroprevalences of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the self-reported vaccination-related adverse events between HD patients and HCs. The analysis results for HD patients suggest that 82 (68.3%) and 27 (22.5%) tested positive for IgG and IgM, respectively. The levels of IgG were higher than IgM levels ( P <0.0001). In addition, the IgG-positive group had significantly higher serum albumin levels than the IgG-negative group ( P <0.05). Only mild vaccine-related adverse events were observed in two patients (1.66%) and in one healthy individual (4.2%). Conclusion The seroprevalences of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination-related adverse effects are similar between HD and HCs. The inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is effective and safe in inducing near-term immunity in hemodialysis patients.

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COVID-19 vaccination and dialysis patients: why the variable response

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibody Responses Following Two Doses of Match and Mixed COVID-19 Vaccines Regimens in Saudi Population

Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibody Responses Following Two Doses of Match and Mixed COVID-19 Vaccines Regimens in Saudi Population

Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Dialysis Patients: Epidemiological Analysis and Evaluation of the Clinical Progress

Early Humoral Responses of Hemodialysis Patients After Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

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