COVID-19 vaccine antibody responses in community-dwelling adults to 48 weeks post primary vaccine series

Walmsley, Sharon; Szadkowski, Leah; Wouters, Bradly G.; Clarke, Rosemarie; Cowill, Karen; Rochon, Paula A.; Brudno, Michael; Ravindran, Rizanni; Raboud, Janet; McGeer, Allison; Oza, Amit M.; Graham, Christopher; Silva, Amanda; Manase, Dorin; Maksymowsky, Peter; Parente, Laura; Dayam, Roaya M.; Simpson, Jacqueline; Pasculescu, Adrian; Gingras, Dr.Anne-Claude

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106506

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have proven to be very effective in preventing severe infection and death but do not completely prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 19 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 41 ]. In the STOPCoV prospective study [ 37 ], the proportion of participants who developed natural infection increased over the study period, especially during the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant waves, despite high rates of vaccine and booster uptake. No participant required hospitalization or died consequent to their infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detecting antibodies (IgG) against the spike trimer, its receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) [ 38 , 40 ] were employed at two sample dilutions. Luminescence values were normalized to a synthetic standard (relative ratios) for conversion to BAU/mL, which were then used to assign seropositivity thresholds (set at 99% specificity) as previously reported [ 37 ]. Monitoring anti-nucleocapsid antibodies enabled identification of possible new or re-infections (vaccines in Canada during the study period are based on spike antigen only).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The STOPCoV study is an ongoing decentralized longitudinal study aimed to compare COVID-19 antibody levels in those aged ≥ 70 years relative to a cohort aged 30–50 years [ 37 ]. In this analysis, we aimed to assess the predictors of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in this well-characterized and highly vaccinated population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Walmsley,

Nabipoor,

Lovblom

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The initial two-dose vaccine series and subsequent booster vaccine doses have been effective in modulating SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and death but do not completely prevent infection. The correlates of infection despite vaccination continue to be under investigation. In this prospective decentralized study (n = 1286) comparing antibody responses in an older- (≥70 years) to a younger-aged cohort (aged 30–50 years), we explored the correlates of breakthrough infection in 983 eligible subjects. Participants self-reported data on initial vaccine series, subsequent booster doses and COVID-19 infections in an online portal and provided self-collected dried blood spots for antibody testing by ELISA. Multivariable survival analysis explored the correlates of breakthrough infection. An association between higher antibody levels and protection from breakthrough infection observed during the Delta and Omicron BA.1/2 waves of infection no longer existed during the Omicron BA.4/5 wave. The older-aged cohort was less likely to have a breakthrough infection at all time-points. Receipt of an original/Omicron vaccine and the presence of hybrid immunity were associated with protection of infection during the later Omicron BA.4/5 and XBB waves. We were unable to determine a threshold antibody to define protection from infection or to guide vaccine booster schedules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Walmsley,

Nabipoor,

Lovblom

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…The STOPCoV study has been described [36] and is ongoing. The full protocol is available on the study website (www.STOPCov.ca, accessed on 10 April 2024).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Are Enhanced by Hybrid Immunity and Original/Omicron Bivalent Vaccination

Walmsley,

Nabipoor,

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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We determined neutralizing antibody levels to the ancestral Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain and three Omicron variants, namely BA.5, XBB.1.5, and EG.5, in a heavily vaccinated cohort of 178 adults 15–19 months after the initial vaccine series and prospectively after 4 months. Although all participants had detectable neutralizing antibodies to Wuhan, the proportion with detectable neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron variants was decreased, and the levels were lower. Individuals with hybrid immunity at the baseline visit and those receiving the Original/Omicron bivalent vaccine between the two sampling times demonstrated increased neutralizing antibodies to all strains. Both a higher baseline neutralizing antibody titer to Omicron BA.5 and hybrid immunity were associated with protection against a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection during a 4-month period of follow up during the Omicron BA.5 wave. Neither were associated with protection from a breakthrough infection at 10 months follow up. Receipt of an Original/Omicron BA.4/5 vaccine was associated with protection from a breakthrough infection at both 4 and 10 months follow up. This work demonstrates neutralizing antibody escape with the emerging Omicron variants and supports the use of additional vaccine doses with components that match circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. A threshold value for neutralizing antibodies for protection against reinfection cannot be determined.

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“…Similarly, a cross-sectional serosurvey of ~400,000 newborns in New York State that employed heel stick DBS collected between November 2019 and November 2021 afforded unprecedent insight into COVID-19 exposures and vaccination status among a diverse population of reproductive-aged females (2). Other groups have leveraged clinician-assisted and self-collected DBS to conduct large scale serosurveys of vulnerable cohorts, school age children, and otherwise hard to reach communities (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). In addition to ease of collection, once collected onto Whatman filter paper, DBS samples are stable for long periods of time under refrigeration (4-8 o C) or frozen (up to -20 o C) in the presence of desiccants (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitating SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies from Human Dried Blood Spots

Berman,

Van Slyke,

Novak

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: In the earliest days of COVID-19 pandemic, the collection of dried blood spots (DBS) enabled public health laboratories to undertake population-scale seroprevalence studies to estimate rates of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. With SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity levels now estimated to exceed 94% in the United States, attention has turned to using DBS to assess functional (neutralizing) antibodies within cohorts of interest. Methods: Contrived DBS eluates from convalescent, fully vaccinated and pre-COVID-19 serum samples were evaluated in SARS-CoV-2 plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT) assays, a SARS-CoV-2 specific 8-plex microsphere immunoassay, a cell-based pseudovirus assay, and two different spike-ACE2 inhibition assays. Results: DBS eluates from convalescent individuals were compatible with RBD-ACE2 inhibition assays, an in-house Luminex-based RBD-ACE2 inhibition assay, and commercial real-time PCR-based neutralization assay (NAB-Sure) but not cell-based pseudovirus assays or PRNT. The insensitivity of cell-based pseudovirus assays was overcome with DBS eluates from vaccinated individuals with high SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers can be derived with confidence from DBS eluates, thereby opening the door to the use of these biospecimens for the analysis of vulnerable populations and normally hard to reach communities.

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COVID-19 vaccine antibody responses in community-dwelling adults to 48 weeks post primary vaccine series

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Are Enhanced by Hybrid Immunity and Original/Omicron Bivalent Vaccination

Quantitating SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies from Human Dried Blood Spots

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