Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in New York State

Rosenberg, Eli S.; Dorabawila, Vajeera; Easton, Delia; Bauer, Ursula E.; Kumar, Jessica; Hoen, Rebecca; Hoefer, Dina; Wu, Meng; Lutterloh, Emily; Conroy, Mary Beth; Greene, Danielle; Zucker, Howard A.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa2116063

Cited by 275 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Looking at vaccine types, the reduction in vaccine effectiveness is apparent for both Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech. We thus find some direct but inconclusive evidence of a moderate waning of mRNA vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization after 25 weeks, which is in agreement with data from Israel [19], Qatar [20] and New York state [21]. However, our findings are in contrast with other studies that showed considerably faster waning among older individuals after more than 6 months [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Assessing real-world vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection from routine surveillance data in Switzerland

Anderegg¹,

Althaus²,

Colin³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background. In Switzerland, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns started early 2021. Vaccine coverage reached 65% of the population in December 2021, mostly using mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech. Simultaneously, the proportion of vaccinated among COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths rose, creating some confusion in the general population. We aim to assess vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection using routine surveillance data on the vaccination status of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths and data on vaccination coverage in Switzerland.Methods. We consider all routine surveillance data on COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths received at the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health from 1 July 2021 to 1 December 2021. We estimate the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization or death for non-fully vaccinated compared to fully vaccinated individuals, adjusted for the dynamics of vaccination coverage over time, by age and location. We stratify the analysis by age group and by calendar month. We assess variations in the relative risk of hospitalization associated with the time since vaccination.Results. We include a total of 5,948 COVID-19-related hospitalizations of which 1,245 (21%) were fully vaccinated, and a total of 739 deaths of which 259 (35%) were fully vaccinated. We find that the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization is 12.5 (95%CI: 11.7 to 13.4) times higher for non-fully vaccinated than for fully vaccinated individuals. This translates into a vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization of 92.0% (95%CI: 91.4 to 92.5%). Vaccine effectiveness against death is estimated to 90.3% (95%CI: 88.6 to 91.8%). Effectiveness appears comparatively lower in age groups over 70 and during the months of October and November 2021. We also find evidence of a decrease in vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization for individuals vaccinated for 25 weeks or more, but this decrease only appears in age groups below 70.Conclusions. The observed proportions of vaccinated among COVD-19-related hospitalizations and deaths in Switzerland are compatible with a high effectiveness of mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech against hospitalization and death in all age groups. Effectiveness appears comparatively lower in older age groups, suggesting the importance of booster vaccinations. We find inconclusive evidence that vaccine effectiveness is waning over time. Repeated analyses will be able to better assess waning and the effect of boosters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Assessing real-world vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection from routine surveillance data in Switzerland

Anderegg¹,

Althaus²,

Colin³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The overall reduction of 31.7% per month (95% CI: 29.4-33.9%) we observed in our study closely agrees with a previous longitudinal study that investigated waning of antibody levels in 1,647 health care workers after the second dose of a mRNA COVID-19 vaccine [8], but is slightly less than the 18.3-fold decrease reported in 3,808 health care workers six months after receipt of dose two of the BNT162b2 vaccine [9], The minimal antibody level however that is required for preventing a SARS-CoV-2 infection or for preventing severe COVID-19 as well as the importance of cell-mediated immunity is still unclear [19,20]. Nevertheless, our findings support the notion that effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is reduced after 4-6 months [21][22][23] and that a booster dose is needed to reinstate the protection conferred by the vaccines [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Seroprevalence, waning, and correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Tyrol, Austria: Large-scale study of 35,193 blood donors conducted between June 2020 and September 2021

Siller

Seekircher

Wachter

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: There is uncertainty about the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population of Austria, and about the extent to which antibodies elicited by vaccination or infection wane over time. Aim: To estimate seroprevalence, waning, and correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria. Methods: We conducted a seroepidemiological study between June 2020 and September 2021, enrolling blood donors aged 18-70 years across Tyrol, Austria (participation rate 84.0%). We analysed serum samples for antibodies against spike or nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. Results: We performed 47,363 serological tests among 35,193 individuals (median age 43.1 years [IQR: 29.3-53.7], 45.3% women, 10.0% with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection). Seroprevalence increased from 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8-4.2%) in June 2020 to 82.7% (95% CI: 81.4-83.8%) in September 2021, largely due to vaccination. Anti-spike IgG seroprevalence was 99.6% (99.4-99.7%) among fully vaccinated individuals, 90.4% (88.8-91.7%) among unvaccinated with prior infection, and 11.5% (10.8-12.3%) among unvaccinated without known prior infection. Anti-spike IgG levels were reduced by 44.0% (34.9-51.7%) at 5-6 months compared to 0-3 months after infection. In fully vaccinated individuals, they decreased by 31.7% (29.4-33.9%) per month. In multivariable adjusted analyses, both seropositivity among unvaccinated and antibody levels among fully vaccinated individuals were higher at young age (<25 years), higher with a known prior infection, and lower in current smokers. Conclusion: Seroprevalence in Tyrol increased to 82.7% in September 2021, with the bulk of seropositivity stemming from vaccination. Antibody levels substantially and gradually declined after vaccination or infection.

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“…Observational studies from Qatar (n=231 826) 15 and Kaiser Permanente (n=3 436 957) 16 reported vaccine efficacy of more than 90% in preventing hospital admissions during delta-variant transmission, even up to 6 months after vaccination. Observational data from the state of New York, USA (n=8 834 604) indicated high vaccine efficacy in preventing severe disease in people older than 65 years, with varying levels of protection conferred by different vaccines-95% for BNT162b2, 97% for mRNA-1273, and 86% for Ad26.COV2.S 17 -with minimal declines in protection 6 months after vaccination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021

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On Nov 25, 2021, about 23 months since the first reported case of COVID-19 and after a global estimated 260 million cases and 5•2 million deaths, 1 a new SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VoC), omicron, 2 was reported. Omicron emerged in a COVID-19-weary world in which anger and frustration with the pandemic are rife amid widespread negative impacts on social, mental, and economic wellbeing. Although previous VoCs emerged in a world in which natural immunity from COVID-19 infections was common, this fifth VoC has emerged at a time when vaccine immunity is increasing in the world.The emergence of the alpha, beta, and delta SARS-CoV-2 VoCs were associated with new waves of infections, sometimes across the entire world. 3 For example, the increased transmissibility of the delta VoC was associated with, among others, a higher viral load, 4 longer duration of infectiousness, 5 and high rates of reinfection, because of its ability to escape from natural immunity, 6 which resulted in the delta VoC rapidly becoming the globally dominant variant. The delta VoC continues to drive new waves of infection and remains the dominant VoC during the fourth wave in many countries. Concerns about lower vaccine efficacy because of new variants have changed our understanding of the COVID-19 endgame, disabusing the world of the notion that global vaccination is by itself adequate for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indeed, VoCs have highlighted the importance of vaccination in combination with existing public health prevention measures, such as masks, as a pathway to viral endemicity. 7

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Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in New York State

Cited by 275 publications

References 15 publications

Assessing real-world vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection from routine surveillance data in Switzerland

Assessing real-world vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection from routine surveillance data in Switzerland

Seroprevalence, waning, and correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Tyrol, Austria: Large-scale study of 35,193 blood donors conducted between June 2020 and September 2021

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic

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