COVID-19 Vaccines Currently under Preclinical and Clinical Studies, and Associated Antiviral Immune Response

Jain, Swati; Batra, Himanshu; Yadav, Poonam; Chand, Subhash

doi:10.3390/vaccines8040649

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Protein subunit vaccines are used to protect against hepatitis B, human papilloma virus, and meningococcal disease, to name a few [ 10 ]. To date, there are no approved RNA vaccines in humans [ 11 , 12 ]; however, seven candidate COVID-19 RNA vaccines are being evaluated in clinical trials ( Figure 2 ), with one having recently been approved in several countries and another approved for emergency use in the United States (US) [ 10 ]. RNA vaccines are especially attractive since they are easier and faster to manufacture in large quantities [ 11 ].…”

Section: Vaccine Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A COVID-19 Vaccine: Big Strides Come with Big Challenges

Mellet

Pepper

2021

Vaccines

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As of 8 January 2021, there were 86,749,940 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 1,890,342 COVID-19-related deaths worldwide, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). In order to address the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting transmission, an intense global effort is underway to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The development of a safe and effective vaccine usually requires several years of pre-clinical and clinical stages of evaluation and requires strict regulatory approvals before it can be manufactured in bulk and distributed. Since the global impact of COVID-19 is unprecedented in the modern era, the development and testing of a new vaccine are being expedited. Given the high-level of attrition during vaccine development, simultaneous testing of multiple candidates increases the probability of finding one that is effective. Over 200 vaccines are currently in development, with over 60 candidate vaccines being tested in clinical trials. These make use of various platforms and are at different stages of development. This review discusses the different phases of vaccine development and the various platforms in use for candidate COVID-19 vaccines, including their progress to date. The potential challenges once a vaccine becomes available are also addressed.

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Section: Vaccine Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A COVID-19 Vaccine: Big Strides Come with Big Challenges

Mellet

Pepper

2021

Vaccines

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“…World Health Organization maintains a landscape document referencing the candidate vaccines in development [341], available at: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines Q42-Which are the various strategies to design vaccines to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection? [81,[342][343][344] Several vaccine platforms are under development and include:…”

Section: Vaccine Strategies For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Dentistry in 72 Questions: An Overview of the Literature

Derruau

Bouchet

Nassif

et al. 2021

JCM

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The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly affected the dental care sector. Dental professionals are at high risk of being infected, and therefore transmitting SARS-CoV-2, due to the nature of their profession, with close proximity to the patient’s oropharyngeal and nasal regions and the use of aerosol-generating procedures. The aim of this article is to provide an update on different issues regarding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that may be relevant for dentists. Members of the French National College of Oral Biology Lecturers (“Collège National des EnseignantS en Biologie Orale”; CNESBO-COVID19 Task Force) answered seventy-two questions related to various topics, including epidemiology, virology, immunology, diagnosis and testing, SARS-CoV-2 transmission and oral cavity, COVID-19 clinical presentation, current treatment options, vaccine strategies, as well as infection prevention and control in dental practice. The questions were selected based on their relevance for dental practitioners. Authors independently extracted and gathered scientific data related to COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and the specific topics using scientific databases. With this review, the dental practitioners will have a general overview of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on their practice.

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“…It is clear that the final control of the pandemic requires the development of a harmless and effective vaccine and subsequent massive vaccination campaign. Waiting for this to happen, useful measures to limit the spread of infection and minimizing mortality have been introduced [ 7 ]. However, a vaccination campaign over a large population needs months (or even a year) to be implemented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Criteria Based on Factors Influencing COVID-19 Diffusion and Mortality

et al. 2020

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SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, rapidly turned into a pandemic, and is causing a relevant number of critical to severe life-threatening COVID-19 patients. However, robust statistical studies of a large cohort of patients, potentially useful to implement a vaccination campaign, are rare. We analyzed public data of about 19,000 patients for the period 28 February to 15 May 2020 by several mathematical methods. Precisely, we describe the COVID-19 evolution of a number of variables that include age, gender, patient’s care location, and comorbidities. It prompts consideration of special preventive and therapeutic measures for subjects more prone to developing life-threatening conditions while affording quantitative parameters for predicting the effects of an outburst of the pandemic on public health structures and facilities adopted in response. We propose a mathematical way to use these results as a powerful tool to face the pandemic and implement a mass vaccination campaign. This is done by means of priority criteria based on the influence of the considered variables on the probability of both death and infection.

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COVID-19 Vaccines Currently under Preclinical and Clinical Studies, and Associated Antiviral Immune Response

Cited by 49 publications

References 97 publications

A COVID-19 Vaccine: Big Strides Come with Big Challenges

A COVID-19 Vaccine: Big Strides Come with Big Challenges

COVID-19 and Dentistry in 72 Questions: An Overview of the Literature

Vaccination Criteria Based on Factors Influencing COVID-19 Diffusion and Mortality

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