COVID-19 y diabetes mellitus: una relación bidireccional

Lima-Martínez, Marcos M.; Boada, Cristina; Madera-Silva, Marialaura D.; Marín, Waleskha; Contreras, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2020.10.001

Cited by 115 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…DM rapidly emerged as one of the more frequent (prevalence between 7 and 30% according to different case series) and clinically relevant (with increased risk of hospitalization, severe pulmonary involvement and mortality vs. non-diabetic patients) comorbidities of hospitalized COVID-19 patients [ 12 ]. Also, deranged glycemic control negatively affected disease activity and outcomes [ 13 ].…”

Section: Main Endocrine Manifestations Of Covid-19 and Their Relevance To Pituitary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the pituitary

et al. 2021

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Background Despite COVID-19 being identified as severe respiratory viral infection, progressively many relevant endocrine manifestations have been reported greatly contributing to the severity of the clinical presentation. Systemic involvement in COVID-19 is due to the ubiquitous expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, responsible for the entry in the cells of SARS-CoV-2, Several reports in humans and animal models showed a significant ACE2 mRNA expression in hypothalamus and pituitary cells. Moreover, higher mortality and poorer outcomes have been widely described in COVID-19 patients with obesity, diabetes and vertebral fractures, which are all highly prevalent in subjects with pituitary dysfunctions. Aim To review the main endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 with their possible implications for pituitary diseases, the possible direct and indirect involvement of the pituitary gland in COVID-19, the impact of COVID-19 on the management of established pituitary diseases which can be already at increased risk for worse outcomes and on neurosurgical activities as well as vaccination. Conclusions Our review underlines that there could be a specific involvement of the pituitary gland which fits into a progressively shaping endocrine phenotype of COVID-19. Moreover, the care for pituitary diseases need to continue despite the restrictions due to the emergency. Several pituitary diseases, such as hypopituitarism and Cushing disease, or due to frequent comorbidities such as diabetes may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 in affected patients. There is the urgent need to collect in international multicentric efforts data on all these aspects of the pituitary involvement in the pandemic in order to issue evidence driven recommendations for the management of pituitary patients in the persistent COVID-19 emergency.

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Section: Main Endocrine Manifestations Of Covid-19 and Their Relevance To Pituitary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the pituitary

et al. 2021

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“…According to different case series diabetes is seen in patients with COVID-19 with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 30%. In term of outcomes, persons with diabetes with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at higher risk of hospitalization, severe pulmonary involvement, and mortality with respect to nondiabetic subjects [ 10 ]. Interestingly, in a retrospective, nationwide analysis of registries of 157,291 patients with adult community acquired pneumonia in Portugal, from 2009 to 2012, 23.7 to 28.1% presented diabetes as a comorbidity, but hospital mortality was only slightly higher in diabetic (15.2%) vs nondiabetic (13.5%) patients [ 11 ].…”

Section: Review Of the Evidencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypovitaminosis D and the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19

Giustina

2021

Endocrine

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Background Vitamin D and its deficiency have recently been suspected to be involved in increased susceptibility and negative outcomes of COVID-19. This assumption was based on the well known immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D and on the consistent finding of low levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Moreover, several studies reported a correlation between 25OHD levels and different clinical outcomes of the disease. Aim Aim of the current review was to approach the topic of vitamin D and COVID-19 from a different perspective summarizing the data which led to the evidence of the existence of an endocrine phenotype of COVID-19. Conclusions This review analyzed in the light of the current knowledge the possibility that several endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 could be holistically interpreted in the context of an inadequate vitamin D status. Keywords Vitamin D • Hypocalcemia • Vertebral fractures • Diabetes mellitus • Obesity • COVID-19

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“…10,12,13 Recent evidence has also elucidated that COVID-19 infection may be capable of causing direct damage to the pancreas, which in conjunction with insulin resistance, could exacerbate hyperglycemia in diabetic individuals or lead to new hyperglycemia and diabetes in previously nondiabetic individuals. 14,15 The β cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are responsible for insulin production and are therefore a crucial regulator of systemic glucose metabolism. Thus, understanding the effects of COVID-19 on the islet and on β cells themselves is critical to gain a better understanding about the interplay between COVID-19 infection and diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not so sweet and simple: impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cell

Ibrahim

Monaco

Sims

2021

Islets

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The link between COVID-19 infection and diabetes has been explored in several studies since the start of the pandemic, with associations between comorbid diabetes and poorer prognosis in patients infected with the virus and reports of diabetic ketoacidosis occurring with COVID-19 infection. As such, significant interest has been generated surrounding mechanisms by which the virus may exert effects on the pancreatic β cells. In this review, we consider possible routes by which SARS-CoV-2 may impact β cells. Specifically, we outline data that either support or argue against the idea of direct infection and injury of β cells by SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss β cell damage due to a "bystander" effect in which infection with the virus leads to damage to surrounding tissues that are essential for β cell survival and function, such as the pancreatic microvasculature and exocrine tissue. Studies elucidating the provocation of a cytokine storm following COVID-19 infection and potential impacts of systemic inflammation and increases in insulin resistance on β cells are also reviewed. Finally, we summarize the existing clinical data surrounding diabetes incidence since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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COVID-19 y diabetes mellitus: una relación bidireccional

Cited by 115 publications

References 29 publications

COVID-19 and the pituitary

COVID-19 and the pituitary

Hypovitaminosis D and the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19

Not so sweet and simple: impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cell

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