Coxiella burnetii infections in sheep or goats: an opinionated review

Brom, René van den; Engelen, E. van; Roest, H.I.J.; Hoek, Wim van der; Vellema, P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.011

Cited by 153 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Large human Q fever outbreaks related to sheep in published studies around the world included Bulgaria (2009), Croatia (2008),France (2007), Germany (2006, 2008), Italy (2004) and Switzerland (1987) [31]. Therefore, sheep is considered as an important factor for human Q fever infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Q fever among human and animal in Iran; A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

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BackgroundQ fever is a main zoonotic disease around the world. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the overall seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among human and animal population in Iran.MethodsMajor national and international databases were searched from 2005 up to August 2016. We extracted the prevalence of Q fever antibodies (IgG) as the main primary outcome. We reported the prevalence of the seropositivity as point and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of IgG phase I and II antibodies of Q fever in human was 19.80% (95% CI: 16.35–23.25%) and 32.86% (95% CI: 23.80–41.92%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of C. burnetii antibody in goat were 93.42% (95% CI: 80.23–100.00) and 31.97% (95% CI: 20.96–42.98%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of Q fever antibody in sheep's were 96.07% (95% CI: 89.11–100.00%) and 24.66% (95% CI: 19.81–29.51%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of C. burnetii antibody in cattle were 41.37% (95% CI: 17.88–64.86%) and 13.30% (95% CI: 2.98–23.62%), respectively. Individual seropositivity of Q fever in camel and dog were 28.26% (95% CI: 21.47–35.05) and 0.55% (0.03–2.68), respectively.ConclusionSeroprevalence of Q fever among human and domestic animals is considerable. Preventative planning and control of C. burnetii infections in Iran is necessary. Active surveillance and further research studies are recommended, to more clearly define the epidemiology and importance of C. burnetii infections in animals and people in Iran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Q fever among human and animal in Iran; A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

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“…The main clinical manifestations in ruminants are reproductive disorders such as infertility, stillbirth, abortion, endometritis, and mastitis (87). Increased abortion rates in infected caprine herds have been described, with up to 90% abortions in pregnant animals (90). Infected females shed a huge amount of bacteria in birth products and in urine, feces, and milk.…”

Section: The Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vaccination should be administered in noninfected ruminants before their first pregnancy (74). When ruminants are already infected, vaccination cannot prevent abortion (90,96). Also, standard hygiene measures should be taken to prevent dissemination of C. burnetii in the environment and between animals.…”

Section: The Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change

et al. 2017

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Coxiella burnetii is the agent of Q fever, or "query fever," a zoonosis first described in Australia in 1937. Since this first description, knowledge about this pathogen and its associated infections has increased dramatically. We review here all the progress made over the last 20 years on this topic. C. burnetii is classically a strict intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium. However, a major step in the characterization of this pathogen was achieved by the establishment of its axenic culture. C. burnetii infects a wide range of animals, from arthropods to humans. The genetic determinants of virulence are now better known, thanks to the achievement of determining the genome sequences of several strains of this species and comparative genomic analyses. Q fever can be found worldwide, but the epidemiological features of this disease vary according to the geographic area considered, including situations where it is endemic or hyperendemic, and the occurrence of large epidemic outbreaks. In recent years, a major breakthrough in the understanding of the natural history of human infection with C. burnetii was the breaking of the old dichotomy between "acute" and "chronic" Q fever. The clinical presentation of C. burnetii infection depends on both the virulence of the infecting C. burnetii strain and specific risks factors in the infected patient. Moreover, no persistent infection can exist without a focus of infection. This paradigm change should allow better diagnosis and management of primary infection and long-term complications in patients with C. burnetii infection.

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“…Many studies have demonstrated the role of C. burnetti in abortion in sheep, goat and cattle flocks (30). Examined samples in this study have already been checked for the presence of several microbial pathogens which can cause abortion or fertility reduction in ruminants; which samples were negative for Chlamydia, Toxoplasma and bovine viral diarrhea virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Aborted Fetuses of Cattle and Sheep Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Mashhad City, Iran

Abiri¹,

Khalili²,

Rad³

et al. 2016

Int J Enteric Pathog

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Background: Coxiella burnetii is an important intracellular pathogen that ruminants can act as primary reservoirs. Reservoirs may excrete the bacterium into the placenta, vaginal mucus and feces. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect C. burnetii in aborted samples from ruminant flocks in Mashhad city, northeast of Iran, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Materials and Methods: A total number of 154 fetal tissue samples of cattle, sheep and goat were subjected to nested PCR assay. Results: Sixteen (17.3%) out of 92 samples from sheep and 15 (25%) from 60 cattle fetuses were positive. Conclusions:The results of this study indicate the presence of C. burnetii in aborted ruminants and these can be the potential reservoirs of C. burnetii in the mentioned area.

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Coxiella burnetii infections in sheep or goats: an opinionated review

Cited by 153 publications

References 114 publications

Seroprevalence of Q fever among human and animal in Iran; A systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of Q fever among human and animal in Iran; A systematic review and meta-analysis

From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Aborted Fetuses of Cattle and Sheep Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Mashhad City, Iran

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