Seroprevalence of Q fever among human and animal in Iran; A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundQ fever is a main zoonotic disease around the world. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the overall seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among human and animal population in Iran.MethodsMajor national and international databases were searched from 2005 up to August 2016. We extracted the prevalence of Q fever antibodies (IgG) as the main primary outcome. We reported the prevalence of the seropositivity as point and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of IgG phase I and II antibodies of Q fever in human was 19.80% (95% CI: 16.35–23.25%) and 32.86% (95% CI: 23.80–41.92%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of C. burnetii antibody in goat were 93.42% (95% CI: 80.23–100.00) and 31.97% (95% CI: 20.96–42.98%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of Q fever antibody in sheep's were 96.07% (95% CI: 89.11–100.00%) and 24.66% (95% CI: 19.81–29.51%), respectively. The herd and individual prevalence of C. burnetii antibody in cattle were 41.37% (95% CI: 17.88–64.86%) and 13.30% (95% CI: 2.98–23.62%), respectively. Individual seropositivity of Q fever in camel and dog were 28.26% (95% CI: 21.47–35.05) and 0.55% (0.03–2.68), respectively.ConclusionSeroprevalence of Q fever among human and domestic animals is considerable. Preventative planning and control of C. burnetii infections in Iran is necessary. Active surveillance and further research studies are recommended, to more clearly define the epidemiology and importance of C. burnetii infections in animals and people in Iran.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for chlamydiosis, coxiellosis and brucellosis in sheep and goats in Borana pastoral area, southern Ethiopia

“…For instance seroprevalence in the range of 23 to 33%, 15 to 33% and 24% has been documented in Egypt, Morocco and Sudan, respectively [31]. Similarly seroprevalence ranging from 24.66 to 31.97% [33] and 29.80 to 36.50% [34] has been reported in small ruminants from Iran. Vandenburg and colleague [31], however, reported lower prevalence ranging from 7 to 12% in Tunisia and 11% in Ghana.…”

First Seroprevalence Study of Coxiella burnetii in Rural Pregnant Women in Contact with Livestock in Khorramabad

“…Q fever has emerged as a newly emerging zoonosis in many countries, including Iran (10). Although Q fever is endemic in Iran, little research has been carried out in this respect (11). This is the first study that investigated rural pregnant women in Iran.…”

“…The results of this study indicated that although ELISA is a sensitive method, it is better to use the IFA method as reference (8). However, the most commonly used method for the diagnosis of Q fever serology is ELISA in Iran (11). Some of the studies conducted inside and outside the country are as follows.…”

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

“…However, domestic ruminants (primarily cattle, sheep and goats) are the most important and frequent source of human infection of C . burnetii [ 170 ], although transmission from dogs and cats has been documented as well [ 171 ].…”