Craft and Local Power: Embedded Specialization in Tiwanaku Cities

Abstract

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The Use of Strontium Isotope Analysis to Investigate Tiwanaku Migration and Mortuary Ritual in Bolivia and Peru

“…However, individuals from the site of Tiwanaku exhibit both styles of cranial modification (Blom et al 1998;Blom 1999a,b). Janusek (1994Janusek ( , 1999Janusek ( , 2002 has hypothesized, on the basis of ceramic evidence, that the urban centre of Tiwanaku may have been arranged by barrios that were settled by nonlocal groups; for example, the Ch'iji Jawira sector may have been settled by a group from the far eastern Bolivian valleys.…”

Pottery production, regional exchange, and state collapse during the Middle Horizon (A.D.500–1000): LA-ICP-MS analyses of Tiwanaku pottery in the Moquegua Valley, Peru

“…By A.D. 800, in addition to monumental religious and elite structures, the city of Tiwanaku was home to thousands of residents (Couture 2003;Couture and Sampeck 2003;Janusek 1999Janusek , 2003aJanusek , 2004aJanusek , 2008Vranich 1999Vranich , 2001Vranich , 2006. As Tiwanaku ideology spread, communities in the immediate hinterland were incorporated into the state (Albarracin-Jordan 1996;Albarracin-Jordan and Mathews 1990;Bandy 2001;Bermann 1994Bermann , 1997Janusek and Kolata 2003;Stanish 2002Stanish , 2003Stanish et al 2005).…”

New Discoveries and Perspectives on Water Management at 300 Bc - Ad 1100 Tiwanaku’s Urban Center (Bolivia)

“…Channel P lies below the floor of the Putuni; channel Q lies at the same depth as P but ~10m west of P (Kolata 2003:115). 9 Vertical pipes connected drainage areas in the Putuni Courtyard and Palace [16][17][18] to canal P with collected water directed toward the V arm of the drainage channel. The P and Q subterranean canals required a regular input of flowing water from canal M and seepage water from prelatic and deep aquifers into drainage channel arm W to maintain residential area hygienic conditions.…”