Craniofacial angle in dolicho-, meso- and brachycephalic dogs: radiological determination and application

Regodón, S.; Vivo, J. M.; Franco, A; Guillen, M. T.; Robina, A.

doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(11)80043-9

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, rostral intracranial volumetric restriction during development of short-skulled dogs may explain the combination of axis rotation and olfactory bulb repositioning. Regodon et al (1993) also noted that reduced skull length in brachycephalic dogs gives rise to a more perpendicular development of the cranium relative to the facial axis [5]. These anatomical adaptations could hence represent a biological solution to a ‘space problem’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canine brachycephaly (short-skulledness) is found only in domestic dogs and is related to paedomorphosis in these animals [3]. Puppies of all breeds are born with short snouts, and so the longer skull of dolichocephalic animals emerges during post partum development [4].Other morphological differences in head shape between brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs include changes in the craniofacial angle (angle between the basilar axis and hard palate) [5], morphology of the temporomandibular joint [6], and radiographic anatomy of the cribiform plate [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Induced Rotation and Reorganization of the Brain of Domestic Dogs

2010

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Domestic dogs exhibit an extraordinary degree of morphological diversity. Such breed-to-breed variability applies equally to the canine skull, however little is known about whether this translates to systematic differences in cerebral organization. By looking at the paramedian sagittal magnetic resonance image slice of canine brains across a range of animals with different skull shapes (N = 13), we found that the relative reduction in skull length compared to width (measured by Cephalic Index) was significantly correlated to a progressive ventral pitching of the primary longitudinal brain axis (r = 0.83), as well as with a ventral shift in the position of the olfactory lobe (r = 0.81). Furthermore, these findings were independent of estimated brain size or body weight. Since brachycephaly has arisen from generations of highly selective breeding, this study suggests that the remarkable diversity in domesticated dogs' body shape and size appears to also have led to human-induced adaptations in the organization of the canine brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Induced Rotation and Reorganization of the Brain of Domestic Dogs

2010

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“…However, alterations due to breeding and differences between individual dogs of the same breed must lead to modifications. Therefore and for a more subtle classification, skull measurements were introduced (Brehm et al, 1985;Evans, 1993;Regodon et al, 1993),…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, the authors also mentioned the considerable range of those indices within a breed. Regodon et al (1993) were the first to propose a classification based on radiographs of canine skulls with the craniofacial angle (CFA) as a criterion. The CFA is defined by a line along the base of the skull, and another line along the hard palate.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…(LS = length of the skull; LC = length of the cerebrum; LF = length of the facial skull; WS = width of the skull; a = rostral border of the incisal bone; b = rostral border of the cavum cranii; c = caudal contour of the occipital bone) Figure 2: Laterolateral radiograph of a canine skull with auxiliary lines and fixed points for the determination of the craniofacial angle according to Regodon et al (1993). The CFA (asterisk) is built by the prolongation of the hard palate (c) and a line connecting the sulcus chiasmatis (caudal border if the optical canal on the floor of the skull) with the caudoventral border of the occipital bone.…”

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Proposal for a new radiological index to determine skull conformation in the dog

Koch¹,

Wiestner²,

Balli³

et al. 2012

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde

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Morphologic determinants in the etiology of class III malocclusions: A review

Singh

1999

Clin. Anat.

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Morphospatial disharmony of the craniomaxillary and mandibular complexes may yield apparent mandibular prognathism, but Class III malocclusions can exist with any number of aberrations of the craniofacial complex. Deficient orthocephalization of the cranial base allied with a smaller anterior cranial base component has been implicated in the etiology of Class III malocclusions. Whereas the more acute cranial base angle may affect the articulation of the condyles resulting in their forward displacement, the reduction in anterior cranial size may affect the position of the maxilla. As well, intrinsic skeletal elements of the maxillary complex may be responsible for maxillary hypoplasia that may exacerbate the anterior crossbite seen in the Class III condition. Conversely, with an orthognathic maxilla, condylar hyperplasia and anterior positioning of the condyles at the temporo‐mandibular joint may produce an anterior crossbite. Aside from the skeletal components, soft tissue matrices, particularly labial pressure from the circumoral musculature, may influence the final outcome of craniofacial growth of a child skeletally predisposed to Class III conditions. Indeed, as some Asian ethnic groups demonstrate an increased prevalence of Class III malocclusions, it is likely that the skeletal components and soft tissues matrices are genetically determined. Presumably, the co‐morphologies of the craniomaxillary and mandibular complexes are likely dependent upon candidate genes that undergo gene‐environmental interactions to yield Class III malocclusions. The identification of such genes is a desirable step in unraveling the complexity of Class III malocclusions. With this knowledge, the clinician may elect an early course of dentofacial orthopedic and orthodontic treatments aimed at preventing the development of Class III malocclusions. Clin. Anat. 12:382–405, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Craniofacial angle in dolicho-, meso- and brachycephalic dogs: radiological determination and application

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Human Induced Rotation and Reorganization of the Brain of Domestic Dogs

Human Induced Rotation and Reorganization of the Brain of Domestic Dogs

Proposal for a new radiological index to determine skull conformation in the dog

Morphologic determinants in the etiology of class III malocclusions: A review

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