Creatine: are the benefits worth the risk?

Brudnak, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.01.013

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Creatine is one of the most common sports supplements used today, with sales estimated around $US400 million annually [31]. Creatine monohydrate is a naturally occurring compound synthesized endogenously and consumed in most diets.…”

Section: Creatinementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports: A Review of the Literature

2015

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Performance-enhancing substances (PESs) have unfortunately become ubiquitous in numerous sports, often tarnishing the spirit of competition. Reported rates of PES use among athletes are variable and range from 5 to 31%. More importantly, some of these substances pose a serious threat to the health and well-being of athletes. Common PESs include anabolic-androgenic steroids, human growth hormone, creatine, erythropoietin and blood doping, amphetamines and stimulants, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate. With recent advances in technology, gene doping is also becoming more conceivable. Sports medicine physicians are often unfamiliar with these substances and thus do not routinely broach the topic of PESs with their patients. However, to effect positive change in the sports community, physicians must educate themselves about the physiology, performance benefits, adverse effects, and testing methods. In turn, physicians can then educate athletes at all levels and prevent the use of potentially dangerous PESs.

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Section: Creatinementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports: A Review of the Literature

2015

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“…Besides increasing muscular creatine storage, the creatine dietetic supplementation may increase creatine phosphate resynthesis (4) , although it has not always been observed (5) . Despite being considered licit and safe by the International Olympic Committee, there are certainly some risks with this supplementation (6) . There are papers which show unwanted effects of creatine chronic supplementation (7) leading to hepatic and renal overload.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistência à insulina com a suplementação de creatina em animais de experimentação

Costallat¹,

Miglioli²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction and objective:Creatine supplementation has been used in order to improve muscular performance. This substance affects glucose metabolism and stimulates the in vitro as well as the in vivo insulin secretion. Nevertheless, long-term insulin hypersecretion may also induce insulin resistance. The present work analyzed the effects of creatine oral supplementation in order to evaluate the possibility of occurrence of resistance to in vivo insulin. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats (24 female/ 24 male) were divided in two groups of 24 (control and study) and subdivided in six groups of eight. They were fed with standard food during four weeks, having water ad libitum. Moreover, the study group received dietetic supplement of creatine (0.4 g creatine for 30 ml of water per rat / day). In the 7 th , 14 th , 21 st and 28 th day of the experiment, 12 rats were anesthetized (sodium thiopental 0.15 mL/ 100 g) after six hour-fasting, being submitted to intravenous insulin tolerance test (0.5 mL of 30% regular human insulin and 70% saline solution). The blood samples were collected from the tail veins of the rats, in the basal, three, six, nine, 12 and 15 minutes after insulin administration times. The glucose measurement was performed through the glucose oxidase method. The study was previously approved by the Research Ethics Committee of CCMB-PUC-SP. Results: The mean of the glucose decrease constant (K ITT ) was calculated through the formula 0.693/ T 1/2 . The study group, when compared with the control group, presented insulin resistance at day 21 (p < 0.0004) and day 28 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows that extended creatine supplementation may lead to insulin resistance. Besides that, it should be carefully used in individuals with glucose metabolism disturbances.

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“…A creatina mono-hidratada (Cr m ) tem sido usualmente utilizada por atletas e indivíduos fisicamente ativos, devido a seus possíveis efeitos ergogênicos sobre a massa muscular e o desempenho anaeróbio (1,2) , com a vantagem de não apresentar risco aparente para a saúde (3,4) . Durante exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração, a hidrólise do trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) para a produção de energia é extremamente acentuada, o que provoca rápida utilização das reservas de fosfocreatina (PCr) para a ressíntese imediata de ATP (5) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeitos da suplementação prolongada de creatina mono-hidratada sobre o desempenho anaeróbio de adultos jovens treinados

Altimari

Tirapegui

Okano

et al. 2010

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o impacto de oito semanas de suplementação de creatina mono-hidratada (Cr m ) sobre o desempenho anaeróbio de adultos jovens treinados. Vinte e seis estudantes de educação física, do sexo masculino, saudáveis, foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo creatina (GCr, n = 13; 22,5 ± 2,7 anos; 74,9 ± 6,8kg, 178,5 ± 4,8cm) e grupo placebo (GPl, n = 13;22,9 ± 3,2 anos, 71,9 ± 11,3kg, 178,6 ± 4,0cm ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of eight weeks of creatine monohydrate (Cr m ) supplementation on the anaerobic performance of young trained adults. Twenty-six healthy male physical education students were randomly divided in creatine group (CrG, n = 13; 22.5 ± 2.7 years; 74.9 ± 6.8 kg; 178.5 ± 4.8 cm) and placebo group (PlG, n = 13; 22.9 ± 3.2 years; 71.9 ± 11.3 kg; 178.6 ± 4.0 cm). The subjects received in a double-blind system a Cr m or placebo-maltodextrin dose (20 g.d -1 for 5 days and 3 g.d -1 for 51 subsequent days). Both groups had their eating habits and levels of physical fitness previously controlled. The Wingate anaerobic test (WT) was used to evaluate the anaerobic performance before and after the ingestion period of Cr m or placebo. The performance indexes assessed were: relative peak power (RPP), relative mean power (RMP), relative total work (RTW) and index of fatigue (IF). ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test were used when P<0.05 for statistical treatment. No significant difference in RPP, RMP, RTW or IF was observed after the period of supplementation of Cr m (P>0.05). The results of the present study suggest that Cr m supplementation does not seem to be an efficient ergogenic resource in high-intensity and short-duration efforts involving a single set. Keywords: creatine, anaerobic performance, fatigue, nutrition INTRODUÇÃOA creatina mono-hidratada (Cr m ) tem sido usualmente utilizada por atletas e indivíduos fisicamente ativos, devido a seus possíveis efeitos ergogênicos sobre a massa muscular e o desempenho anaeróbio (1,2) , com a vantagem de não apresentar risco aparente para a saúde (3,4) . Durante exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração, a hidrólise do trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) para a produção de energia é extremamente acentuada, o que provoca rápida utilização das reservas de fosfocreatina (PCr) para a ressíntese imediata de ATP (5) . Assim, acreditase que os estoques de PCr no músculo possam ser fator limitante ou decisivo para o desempenho nesse tipo de exercício (6,7) . Estudos sugerem que o aumento nas reservas musculares de creatina total (CrT) e PCr, induzido pela suplementação de Cr m , possam aumentar a oferta de PCr e, consequentemente, acelerar a taxa de ressíntese de ATP durante o exercício físico, favorecendo a melhoria do desempenho em exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração (8)(9)(10) , apesar de isso não ser observado em todos os casos (11) . Acredita-se que o aumento das reservas de PCr possa favorecer o tamponamento da concentração de íons H +(5) , retardando o apar...

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Creatine: are the benefits worth the risk?

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports: A Review of the Literature

Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports: A Review of the Literature

Resistência à insulina com a suplementação de creatina em animais de experimentação

Efeitos da suplementação prolongada de creatina mono-hidratada sobre o desempenho anaeróbio de adultos jovens treinados

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