Creatine Supplementation: An Update

Abstract

Creatine is a popular and widely used ergogenic dietary supplement among athletes, for which studies have consistently shown increased lean muscle mass and exercise capacity when used with short-duration, high-intensity exercise. In addition to strength gains, research has shown that creatine supplementation may provide additional benefits including enhanced postexercise recovery, injury prevention, rehabilitation, as well as a number of potential neurologic benefits that may be relevant to sports. Studies show that short- and long-term supplementation is safe and well tolerated in healthy individuals and in a number of patient populations.

The Effect of Creatine Nitrate and Caffeine Individually or Combined on Exercise Performance and Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…The absence of significant treatment interactions in our study, despite observable changes in mean values, contributes to the ongoing discussion on the role of these supplements in exercise performance enhancement. This underscores the importance of nuanced interpretation of ergogenic aids, as Hall et al (2021) posited, suggesting that these supplements may have more subtle and context-dependent effects on physical performance than previously understood [ 56 ]. Our comprehensive analysis endorses a cautious approach to declaring the efficacy of CN and CAF as performance enhancers.…”

Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes

“…Creatine has an effect on muscle structure and strength, while stimulating energy generation during vigorous physical exercise. This increases physical performance and extends the time of effective physical exertion [ 25 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. On the other hand, the scale of probiotic use was low.…”

“…The literature available on the functional properties of individual supplements, including ergogenic aids, is highly extensive [ 11 , 12 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In numerous studies, the use of supplements by athletes of various disciplines is described in detail [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Analysis of metabolites of bactrain camel milk in Alxa of China before and after fermentation with fermenting agent TR1 based on untargeted LC-MS/MS based metabolomics

“…Studies have shown that when creatine was used as a dietary supplement, the amount of lean meat and exercise ability increased during short-term with high-intensity exercise. In addition to increased strength, postexercise injury and neurological recovery related to exercise can be achieved by supplementing creatine [ 30 ]. Studies have shown that cinnamic acid and its derivatives extracted from plants have antibacterial effects on many microorganisms [ 31 ], but there was no research on extracting this substance from animals.…”