Creatine supplementation does not alter neuromuscular recovery after eccentric exercise

Boychuk, K.; Lanovaz, Joel L.; Krentz, Joel R.; Lishchynsky, Justin; Candow, Darren G.; Farthing, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1002/mus.25091

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These acute physiological responses were similar between groups, indicating that the standard creatine loading protocol used exhibited a limited potential to attenuate markers of muscle damage and soreness following the bout of resistance exercise inducing muscle damage. Similar findings have also been reported in which creatine supplementation did not appear to attenuate markers of muscle damage, soreness, strength deficits, or fatigue following exercise [121,[126][127][128][129].…”

Section: Loss Of Force Production Muscle Damage Soreness and Inflammationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations

et al. 2021

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Creatine is one of the most studied and popular ergogenic aids for athletes and recreational weightlifters seeking to improve sport and exercise performance, augment exercise training adaptations, and mitigate recovery time. Studies consistently reveal that creatine supplementation exerts positive ergogenic effects on single and multiple bouts of short-duration, high-intensity exercise activities, in addition to potentiating exercise training adaptations. In this respect, supplementation consistently demonstrates the ability to enlarge the pool of intracellular creatine, leading to an amplification of the cell’s ability to resynthesize adenosine triphosphate. This intracellular expansion is associated with several performance outcomes, including increases in maximal strength (low-speed strength), maximal work output, power production (high-speed strength), sprint performance, and fat-free mass. Additionally, creatine supplementation may speed up recovery time between bouts of intense exercise by mitigating muscle damage and promoting the faster recovery of lost force-production potential. Conversely, contradictory findings exist in the literature regarding the potential ergogenic benefits of creatine during intermittent and continuous endurance-type exercise, as well as in those athletic tasks where an increase in body mass may hinder enhanced performance. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing literature surrounding the efficacy of creatine supplementation on exercise and sports performance, along with recovery factors in healthy populations.

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Section: Loss Of Force Production Muscle Damage Soreness and Inflammationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations

et al. 2021

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“…Several types of inflammatory biomarkers were reported, including IL-6 (two studies), TNFα (two studies), CRP (one study), interferon-α (one study), and IL-1β (one study). Similarly, [46] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Excellent Bassit et al [47] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Excellent Basta et al [48] 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 8/16 Fair Boychuk et al [49] 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 14/16 Good Brose et al [50] 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10/16 Fair Cooke et al [26] 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 14/16 Good Fernandez-Landa et al [30] 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Good Hayward et al [33] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 11/16 Good Kaviani et al [31] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 12/16 Good Machado et al [51] 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 12/16 Good McKinnon et al [34] 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Good Mirzaei et al [52] 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 12/16 Good Percario et al [32] 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Excellent Rahimi [53] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 12/16 Good Rawson et al [35] 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 12/16 Good Rawson et al [37] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Good Santana et al [54] 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 12/16 Good Santi et al [55] 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Good Santos et al [56] 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15/16 Excellent Taylor et al [36] 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 12/16 Good Veggiv [27] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 11/16 Good Wang et al [28] 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 13/16 Good various oxidative stress markers were reported, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; two studies), 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; two studies), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (one study), glutathione peroxidase (one study), malondialdehyde (one study), and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (one study).…”

Section: Methodological Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paradoxical Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Damage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Doma

Ramachandran²,

Boullosa

et al. 2022

Sports Med

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Background Several studies have examined the effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) on indirect muscle damage markers and muscle performance, although pooled data from several studies indicate that the benefits of CrM on recovery dynamics are limited. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether the ergogenic effects of CrM ameliorated markers of muscle damage and performance following muscle-damaging exercises. Methods In total, 23 studies were included, consisting of 240 participants in the CrM group (age 23.9 ± 10.4 years, height 178 ± 5 cm, body mass 76.9 ± 7.6 kg, females 10.4%) and 229 participants in the placebo group (age 23.7 ± 8.5 years, height 177 ± 5 cm, body mass 77.0 ± 6.6 kg, females 10.0%). These studies were rated as fair to excellent following the PEDro scale. The outcome measures were compared between the CrM and placebo groups at 24–36 h and 48–90 h following muscle-damaging exercises, using standardised mean differences (SMDs) and associated p-values via forest plots. Furthermore, sub-group analyses were conducted by separating studies into those that examined the effects of CrM as an acute training response (i.e., after one muscle-damaging exercise bout) and those that examined the chronic training response (i.e., examining the acute response after the last training session following several weeks of training). Results According to the meta-analysis, the CrM group exhibited significantly lower indirect muscle damage markers (i.e., creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and/or myoglobin) at 48–90 h post-exercise for the acute training response (SMD − 1.09; p = 0.03). However, indirect muscle damage markers were significantly greater in the CrM group at 24 h post-exercise (SMD 0.95; p = 0.04) for the chronic training response. Although not significant, a large difference in indirect muscle damage markers was also found at 48 h post-exercise (SMD 1.24) for the chronic training response. The CrM group also showed lower inflammation for the acute training response at 24–36 h post-exercise and 48–90 h post-exercise with a large effect size (SMD − 1.38 ≤ d ≤ − 1.79). Similarly, the oxidative stress markers were lower for the acute training response in the CrM group at 24–36 h post-exercise and 90 h post-exercise, with a large effect size (SMD − 1.37 and − 1.36, respectively). For delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the measures were lower for the CrM group at 24 h post-exercise with a moderate effect size (SMD − 0.66) as an acute training response. However, the inter-group differences for inflammation, oxidative stress, and DOMS were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Overall, our meta-analysis demonstrated a paradoxical effect of CrM supplementation post-exercise, where CrM appears to minimise exercise-induced muscle damage as an acute training response, although this trend is reversed as a chronic training response. Thus, CrM may be effective in reducing the level of exercise-induced muscle damage following a single bout of strenuous exercises, although training-induced stress could be exacerbated following long-term supplementation of CrM. Although long-term usage of CrM is known to enhance training adaptations, whether the increased level of exercise-induced muscle damage as a chronic training response may provide potential mechanisms to enhance chronic training adaptations with CrM supplementation remains to be confirmed.

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“…In contrast, several other studies have shown no positive effects of similar Cr supplementation protocols on markers of muscle damage or physical recovery following resistance-based exercise [ 141 , 142 , 143 ]. Interestingly, Rosene [ 144 ] found no effect of Cr supplementation on post-exercise recovery when consumed in a dose of 20 g/day for 7 days pre-exercise.…”

Section: Proteins and Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutritional Compounds to Improve Post-Exercise Recovery

2022

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The metabolic and mechanical stresses associated with muscle-fatiguing exercise result in perturbations to bodily tissues that lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), a state of fatigue involving oxidative stress and inflammation that is accompanied by muscle weakness, pain and a reduced ability to perform subsequent training sessions or competitions. This review collates evidence from previous research on a wide range of nutritional compounds that have the potential to speed up post-exercise recovery. We show that of the numerous compounds investigated thus far, only two—tart cherry and omega-3 fatty acids—are supported by substantial research evidence. Further studies are required to clarify the potential effects of other compounds presented here, many of which have been used since ancient times to treat conditions associated with inflammation and disease.

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Creatine supplementation does not alter neuromuscular recovery after eccentric exercise

Abstract: CR supplementation before and during recovery from ECC had no effect on strength, voluntary activation, or indicators of muscle damage. Muscle Nerve 54: 487-495, 2016.

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations

Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations

The Paradoxical Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Damage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutritional Compounds to Improve Post-Exercise Recovery

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