Creating 3D Objects with Integrated Electronics via Multiphoton Fabrication In Vitro and In Vivo

Baldock, Sara J.; Kevin, Punarja; Harper, Garry; Griffin, Rebecca; Genedy, Hussein H.; Fong, Matthew J.; Zhao, Zhiyi; Zhang, Zijian; Shen, Yaochun; Lin, Hungyen; Au, Catherine; Martin, Jack; Ashton, Mark; Haskew, Mathew J.; Stewart, Beverly; Ефремова, О. А.; Esfahani, Reza N.; Emsley, Hedley; Appleby, John; Cheneler, David; Cummings, Damian M.; Benedetto, Alexandre; Hardy, John G.

doi:10.1002/admt.202201274

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…However, the relatively high cost of an OCT is still a barrier for industrial adoption 49 . Here we demonstrate the use of our low-cost LF-FD-OCT system measure 3D-printed electrodes made with conducting polymers 50 – 52 . The 3D-printed electrode samples were produced using multiphoton fabrication-based rapid prototyping of conducting polypyrrole (PPY) structures within a thin layer of insulating elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) to form six electrodes that were scanned by the LF-FD-OCT to render 3D OCT data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Conformal coatings have been used for decades to protect printed circuit boards (PCBs) from moisture and corrosion, as well as insulating the underlying ohmic contacts. The prevalent method of coating inspection is sectional imaging under a microscope 52 , which is destructive in nature. Developments in OCT technology have applied SD-OCT and SS-OCT to characterise PCB conformal coatings 53 , 54 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid imaging and product screening with low-cost line-field Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Zhang

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is a well-established imaging technique that provides high-resolution internal structure images of an object at a fast speed. Modern FD-OCT systems typically operate at speeds of 40,000–100,000 A-scans/s, but are priced at least tens of thousands of pounds. In this study, we demonstrate a line-field FD-OCT (LF-FD-OCT) system that achieves an OCT imaging speed of 100,000 A-scan/s at a hardware cost of thousands of pounds. We demonstrate the potential of LF-FD-OCT for biomedical and industrial imaging applications such as corneas, 3D printed electronics, and printed circuit boards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid imaging and product screening with low-cost line-field Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Zhang

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…A second work covering multi-photon 3D laser printing of electronically conductive material in and on living tissue was reported by Baldock et al in 2023. [228] A biocompatible non-toxic photocurable ink was introduced on and in an anesthetized transparent nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) prior to printing. Printing inside the worm's stomach was possible after feeding it with a mixture of ink and bacterial paste (E. coli, OP50).…”

Section: Printing In Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Mainik,

Spiegel,

Blasco

2023

Advanced Materials

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Since the pioneering work of Kawata and colleagues in 1997, multi‐photon 3D laser printing, also known as direct laser writing, has made significant advancements in a wide range of fields. Moreover, the development and commercialization of photocurable inks for this technique have expanded rapidly. One of the current trends is the transition from static to active printable materials, often referred to as 4D microprinting, which enables a new degree of control in the printed systems. This review focuses on four primary application areas: microrobotics, optics and photonics, microfluidics, and life sciences, highlighting recent progress and the crucial role of active materials, including liquid crystalline elastomers, hydrogels, shape memory polymers, and composites, among others. It also addresses ongoing challenges and provides insights into the future prospects in the different fields.

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“…This technology has evolved originally from applications in mainly technical fields such as optics and photonics, but has also found its way into the life sciences thanks to the development of biocompatible materials. Today, this method is established in the life sciences for the precise fabrication of biocompatible scaffolds with subcellular resolution and applied in single cell, organoid, and cultured tissue research 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 . The biocompatible scaffolds can be prepared either by physically encapsulating cells in a photocurable hydrogel or by printing and successive development, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal-invasive 3D laser printing of microimplantsin organismo

Afting,

Mainik,

Vazquez-Martel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Multi-photon 3D laser printing has gathered much attention in recent years as a means of manufacturing biocompatible scaffolds that can modify and guide cellular behavior in vitro. However, in vivo tissue engineering efforts have been limited so far to the implantation of beforehand 3D printed biocompatible scaffolds and in vivo bioprinting of tissue constructs from bioinks containing cells, biomolecules, and printable hydrogel formulations. Thus, a comprehensive 3D laser printing platform for in vivo and in situ manufacturing of microimplants raised from synthetic polymer-based inks is currently missing. Here we present a platform for minimal-invasive manufacturing of microimplants directly in the organism by one-photon photopolymerization and multi-photon 3D laser printing. Employing a commercially available elastomeric ink giving rise to biocompatible synthetic polymer-based microimplants, we demonstrate first applicational examples of biological responses to in situ printed microimplants in the teleost fish Oryzias latipes and in embryos of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This provides a framework for future studies addressing the suitability of inks for in vivo 3D manufacturing. Our platform bears great potential for the direct engineering of the intricate microarchitectures in a variety of tissues in model organisms and beyond.

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Creating 3D Objects with Integrated Electronics via Multiphoton Fabrication In Vitro and In Vivo

Cited by 10 publications

References 130 publications

Rapid imaging and product screening with low-cost line-field Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Rapid imaging and product screening with low-cost line-field Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Minimal-invasive 3D laser printing of microimplantsin organismo

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