Ten years ago, we identified and described four distinct paradigms of culture and communication research (functionalist, interpretive, critical humanist, and critical structuralist) based on their metatheoretical assumptions and explored strategies for constructive interparadigmatic discussions (Martin and Nakayama, 1999). We then proposed a new way -a dialectical approach -to conceptualize and study intercultural communication. We suggested that a dialectic perspective could guide future research in two ways. First, as a trans-paradigmatic methodology for studying culture and communication phenomena and second, as a conceptual framework for understanding intercultural communication practice. In this essay we again survey current culture and communication research through a paradigmatic lens, assess the current contributions of a dialectical approach to the study of culture and communication and offer new directions for incorporating a dialectic perspective into our research.After 10 years, revisiting the contemporary terrain of intercultural communication seems warranted. The field has exploded in many different directions that have opened up the very notion of "intercultural" communication. In some ways, the term itself, "intercultural," tends to presume the interaction between discrete and different cultures. We know, however, that cultures have always been in contact and that the notion of cultural difference hides and masks the very ways that cultures have already influenced each other. So rather than cultural difference, our inclination is to put that concept into dialectical tension with cultural similarity to highlight the hybrid and heterogeneous character of all cultures. Ten years later, the very problem of conceptualizing "intercultural communication" remains as vibrant and relevant as ever.