Mentoring expectations, activities, and support in Canadian college and university libraries were investigated by surveying 332 recent MLIS graduates, practicing academic librarians, and library administrators. Findings indicate that the presence of a mentoring program will help attract new librarians, retain them, and aid in restructuring efforts that are currently facing many academic libraries. Preferred mentoring activities include those belonging to psychosocial support, career guidance, and role modeling themes. Other results find that librarians who were mentored as new librarians, have more than 10 years of experience, and work in large academic institutions are significantly more likely to mentor others. Although currently not well-supported by academic administrators, this research shows that mentoring programs could be sustainable. Mentoring improves the professional experience for librarians who are more satisfied and engaged with their careers, which in turn benefits the organization with less turnover. Practical information from this research will guide academic library practitioners in current mentoring relationships, and library leaders can extrapolate results to support planning and implementation of mentoring programs. Implications for LIS education are also discussed.entoring is an activity, whether formal or informal, that is frequently associated with many professional occupations, but what does it look like in Canadian academic libraries? Informal mentoring is an independent activity initiated by a mentor, the person who acts as a guide, adviser, and provider of support, or by a mentee, the person who receives guidance, advice, and support. In contrast, formal mentoring relationships are often those organized by administration with the expectation that both mentees and mentors will participate. The present research investigates how both formal and informal mentoring is operationalized in Canadian academic libraries, as well as specific characteristics of, and attitudes toward, mentoring. The present study focuses on Canadian colleges and universities, although the implications of this research may apply more broadly.