Creation and breeding value of introgressive forms, obtained by hybridizations of Triticum Spelta L. × Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell.

Abstract

The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of spelt wheat by introgression of genetic material of the species Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. and to create on this basis new source material. Materials and methods. The study was conducted during 2016–2022 in the conditions of Uman National University of Horticulture, located in the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, in the subzone of unstable moisture. The source material was winter spelt wheat variety Zoria Ukrainy (maternal form) and the sample Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. (pollinator). The research used the common technology of growing winter cereals. Sowing was carried out in the optimal time for the zone – the third decade of September. All records and observations were performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. In work was used a systematic method of plot placement with four repetitions. Results. As a result of the conducted researches a number of introgressive lines of spelled wheat with different level of manifestation of morphological and economically valuable features was created. The created samples according to the morphology of the ear are divided into morphotypes of spelt, emmer and intermediate forms. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted researches the technology of creation of initial breeding material at distant hybridization of Triticum spelta L. × Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. Valuable high-yielding samples were obtained using introgressive breeding. It was found that the highest frequency of transgression in the second and third generations was recor­ded by the weight of grain from the ear (19.1–20.0%). Materials with a yield (535.2 g/m2) and a weight of 1000 grains (44.8 g) significantly exceeded the standard (sample 230), as well as protein (20.4%) and gluten (44.0%) significantly exceeded the standard (sample 227). The selected samples will be used by donors of genes of econo­mically valuable traits in breeding schemes for the creation source material of spelt wheat.

Variable’s prediction of gap acceptance roundabout capacity model – Critical gap

“…For example, in urban areas, drivers may be more conservative, resulting in a higher critical spacing. On the other hand, on motorways or in high-speed areas, drivers may be more confident in their actions, which may result in a shorter critical interval (28,29) . A thorough understanding and analysis of the specifics of determining the critical interval in different conditions is a key step in developing accurate and adaptable traffic models.…”