“…For magnetorheological [20] and electrorheological [21] fluids, it has been established that increase of applied stress, relative to constant field strength, causes an evolution from a linear elastic, to linear viscoelastic response, with the above three components of instantaneous elastic strain, retarded elastic strain and viscous strain, then to a nonlinear viscoelastic response, where the retarded elastic and viscous strains monotonically decrease and a plastic contribution to the instantaneous strain grows, followed by a viscoplastic solid behavior, with fully plastic instantaneous strain, and finally a transition from plastic solid to viscous flow when the yield stress is exceeded.…”