“…In the last decades, many efforts have been devoted to improve the toughness of the ceramics. The toughening mechanisms explored can be classified into two categories: (i) intrinsic mechanism, i.e., forming interlocked elongated microstructures 3 and (ii) extrinsic mechanism, i.e., introducing second reinforcing phases such as particles, 4,5 whiskers, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] or fibers. [13][14][15][16][17] While significant progress has been made, further improving the toughness of the ceramics is still highly desired for widening their applications.…”