Creep fracture in bones with different stiffnesses

Tensile Fatigue in Bone: Are Cycles-, or Time to Failure, or Both, Important?

“…Furthermore, the higher the load, the more rapidly bone accumulates damage and so the sooner it will fail. This is always found to be the case in creep-rupture experiments on bone (Caler & Carter, 1989;Fondrk et al, 1988;Mauch et al, 1992).…”

“…In common with Caler & Carter (1989) and Carter & Caler (1983, 1985 and Mauch et al (1992) we sought to reduce the scatter in the data that is usually observed in fatigue tests of bone (Taylor, 1998;Taylor et al, 1999). This was performed by dividing stress by the initial Young's modulus for each specimen.…”

“…Bone, like many other materials, if subjected to a constant stress, may over time develop damage and eventually fracture (Carter & Caler, 1983;Fondrk et al, 1988;Mauch et al, 1992). This time-evolving damage process leading to failure is called &&creep'' rupture.…”

“…La!erty and Raju's results are intermediate. One suggestion that was put forward by Mauch et al (1992) is that the di!erence in creep-rupture times may be caused by the higher temperature at which Caler and Carter carried out their tests (373C as opposed to 213C). The di!erences may also be caused by the di!erent geometry of Caler and Carter's test specimens, which were cylindrical with a semicircular pro"le on either side that concentrated the load over a small central area.…”

Prediction and Validation of Load-Dependent Behavior of the Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Joints During Movement

“…Second, joint motion constraints are often assumed based on the passive behavior of cadaveric joints, 4,16,49,50,52 which intrinsically ignores load-dependent variations in joint kinematics. 9,18,26,30,33,51 Loading effects are likely very relevant during locomotion activities, where secondary tibiofemoral kinematics vary substantially over the gait cycle. 18,30 …”