Creolisation and Purity: Afrikaans Language Politics in Post-Apartheid Times

Waal, C. S. van der

doi:10.1080/00020184.2012.740886

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The target population comprised Afrikaans-speaking persons of whom the majority are public health service users within the Western Cape of South Africa. The Afrikaans spoken by this population is characterised by dialectical use of language and code switching between nonstandard Afrikaans and English [ 8 , 10 , 11 ]. In the present study, shared decision-making (SDM) and community translation (CT) approaches were applied during the harmonisation (step four) of the DASH to Afrikaans for the Western Cape [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Interviewing during Pretesting of the Prefinal Afrikaans for the Western Cape Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire following Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Klerk

Buchanan

Niekerk

2020

Occupational Therapy International

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When patient-reported measures are translated and cross-culturally adapted into any language, the process should conclude with cognitive interviewing during pretesting. This article reports on translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire into Afrikaans (for the Western Cape). This qualitative component of a clinical measurement, longitudinal study was aimed at the pretesting and cognitive interviewing of the prefinal Afrikaans (for the Western Cape) DASH questionnaire highlighting the iterative nature thereof. Twenty-two females and eight males with upper limb conditions were recruited to participate at public health care facilities in the Western Cape of South Africa. Cognitive interviews were conducted as a reparative approach with an iterative process through retrospective verbal probing during a debriefing session with 30 participants once they answered all 30 items of the translated DASH questionnaire. The sample included Afrikaans-speaking persons from low socioeconomic backgrounds, with low levels of education and employment (24 of 30 were unemployed). Pragmatic factors and measurement issues were addressed during the interviews. This study provides confirmation that both pragmatic factors and measurement issues need consideration in an iterative process as part of a reparative methodology towards improving patient-reported measures and ensuring strong content validity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Interviewing during Pretesting of the Prefinal Afrikaans for the Western Cape Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire following Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Klerk

Buchanan

Niekerk

2020

Occupational Therapy International

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“…Persons are described to be language impoverished [2, 3]. Characteristics of the language are dialectical use of language and code switching between non-standard Afrikaans and English [2, 20, 21]. In addition, written communications may be avoided through fear of not being able to communicate effectively [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared decision making and the practice of community translation in presenting a pre-final Afrikaans for the Western Cape Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire: a proposal for improved translation and cross-cultural adaptation

Klerk

Buchanan

Niekerk

2019

J Patient Rep Outcomes

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Background Translation and cross cultural adaptation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) involves a step referred to as harmonisation, following forward and backward translation of the measure. This article proposes the introduction of methods not previously included in the process of harmonisation. The aim of the study was to introduce shared decision making (SDM) and the practice of community translation (CT) during the harmonisation of the Afrikaans for the Western Cape version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, a PROM that measures symptoms and activity and participation in persons with upper limb conditions. Methods A broader approach to harmonisation is proposed by incorporating CT and SDM in addition to existing methods toward harmonisation. Participants ( n = 8) involved in the harmonisation meeting included the principal investigator, a linguistic expert, occupational therapists with knowledge of the target population, context and the DASH questionnaire and members of the target population with and without upper limb conditions. A partnership was formed with the participants (a principle of SDM) and the principles of non-parallel CT and the CT approach were applied during harmonisation. Employing CT principles ensures that the norm for the translation is set by the population the translation is intended for. Results Forward and backward translation of the DASH questionnaire presented a version of the measure in the target language for consideration during harmonisation. There were however a significant number of conceptually problematic items on the version presented at the meeting. Only seven items (7 of 30) remained unchanged. Conclusion SDM and CT was used during the harmonisation of the Afrikaans for the Western Cape DASH questionnaire. Both these practices could have relevance in the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of PROMs where the translation is intended for persons from low socio-economic backgrounds and low levels of education. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41687-019-0144-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…‘Kaaps’ is a vernacular of Afrikaans, commonly spoken by coloured, Afrikaans-speaking people from low to middle SES backgrounds from the Western Cape (Devarenne, 2010; Martin, 2000). It differs significantly from standard Afrikaans, spoken by white and middle-class coloured people, in that the dialect is unique, and code-switching (using at least two distinct languages in the same conversation; Simango, 2011), particularly with English, is common (Van Der Waal, 2012). The dialect can be spoken at different ‘levels’ (‘… from the “respectable” language of the middle class, also frequently used by craftsmen and workers, to jail slang’; Martin, 2000: 111), and it varies according to situations, social company and impressions (Martin, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The limited literature often refers to ‘coloured communities’ (e.g. Devarenne, 2010; Martin, 2000; Van Der Waal, 2012), indicative of the sense of community shared by coloured people. They are a highly sociable group and share their life experiences, even if those experiences often include poverty and violence (Muyeba and Seekings, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Translation and cultural appropriateness of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in Afrikaans

Smith

Malcolm‐Smith

Vries

2016

Autism

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Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 is the 'gold standard' autism spectrum disorder observational assessment, and it is increasingly used in South Africa. However, its use is limited to English speakers, as it has not been translated into the country's other 10 official languages. Moreover, the cultural appropriateness of this tool has not been explored in South Africa. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 was translated into Afrikaans and assessed for cultural appropriateness to the 'coloured' population from low-middle socioeconomic status backgrounds in the Western Cape Province. Using a mixed-methods approach, three components associated with method bias in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 were investigated: language used, social interactions and activities, and materials. An ethnographic investigation of play, social interaction and social activities was conducted in a community sample ( n = 40), and the Afrikaans Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 was pre-piloted in a clinical sample ( n = 7). Results highlighted unique aspects of the language ('Kaaps') that need to be considered during Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 administration. The social interaction demands of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 appeared appropriate, and sufficient familiarity with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 materials and activities was found to support the use of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2. Guidelines for administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 to this population were generated to improve cultural sensitivity and cultural appropriateness and to reduce method bias.

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Creolisation and Purity: Afrikaans Language Politics in Post-Apartheid Times

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Cognitive Interviewing during Pretesting of the Prefinal Afrikaans for the Western Cape Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire following Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Cognitive Interviewing during Pretesting of the Prefinal Afrikaans for the Western Cape Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire following Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Shared decision making and the practice of community translation in presenting a pre-final Afrikaans for the Western Cape Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire: a proposal for improved translation and cross-cultural adaptation

Translation and cultural appropriateness of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in Afrikaans

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