Crescimento vegetativo de cultivares de café (<em>Coffea arabica</em> L.) e sua correlação com a produção em espaçamentos adensados

Abstract

No adensamento de plantio, ocorrem alterações fisiológicas no comportamento das plantas. Com o objetivo de compreender tais alterações, avaliaram-se os caracteres morfo-vegetativos das cultivares IAC 44, IAC 99, MG 1192, Katipó, MG 6851 e UFV 3880 nos espaçamentos de plantio 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 m entre linhas, e 0,75 m entre as plantas. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial 4 (espaçamentos) x 6 (cultivares de café) com 6 repetições, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Aos 20 e 33 meses, avaliaram-se altura de planta, diâmetro máximo da copa, diâmetro do caule, número de ramos plagiotrópicos, índice de área foliar e produção por planta nas duas primeiras colheitas. Obtiveram-se correlações desses caracteres com as produções através da análise de trilha. Aos 20 meses, as características vegetativas da planta não foram influenciadas pelos espaçamentos, enquanto aos 33 meses observou-se aumento da altura de planta com a redução do espaçamento. Concluiu-se que as características vegetativas do cafeeiro explicaram de maneira satisfatória a variação na produtividade. Palavras-chave: Coffea arábica L., plantio adensado, crescimento vegetativo, análise de trilha. ABSTRACT. Vegetative growth of the coffee plant (Coffea arabica L.) and its correlation with the production in narrower spacing. In density plantings, morphological and physiological changes occur in coffee plants. Aiming at understanding such changes, morpho-vegetative characters of the cultivars IAC 44, IAC 99, MG 1192, Katipó, MG 6851 and UFV 3880 were evaluated at different spacings between the rows (1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 m) and at a 0.75 m spacing between the plants. The plots consisted of 4 rows of 4.50 m length. The experiment was carried out in a factorial 4 (spacings between rows) x 6 (cultivars) with 6 replications in a randomized block design. After 20 and 33 months of planting, the following aspects were evaluated: plant height, cup maximum diameter, stem diameter, plagiotropic branches number, leaf area index and plant yield. The data were submitted to correlation tests among vegetative characters and production by means of trail analysis. After 20 months, the evaluation showed that the vegetative characteristics of the plant were not influenced by spacing. After 33 months, the evaluation showed that plants were higher at shorter spaces between rows. Conclusion points that plant yield was well-explained by the growth characteristics of the plants.

Genetic diversity and selection gain in the physic nut (Jatropha curcas)

“…In this study, production traits showed a high genetic correlation with vegetative variables (Table 2), as with other perennial species, for example, açaí (Farias Neto et al, 2005) and coffee (Freitas et al, 2007;Martinez et al, 2007 It was possible to verify a high positive genetic correlation between PH and NB, NF, NS, SD, and PS ( Table 2).…”

“…Martinez et al (2007) and Carvalho et al (2010), who evaluated genotypes of Coffea arabica, and Costa et al (2008), who evaluated progenies of Hevea brasiliensis, also reported a high correlation between PH and first production.…”

Ecophysiology of coffee growth and production

“…The reduction in the fruit-bearing capacity of the trees with close spacing does not appear to be caused by a decrease in fruit setting (Kumar, 1979a), nor by a reduction in the number or length of plagiotropic branches (Nacif, 1997;Martinez et al, 2007). It may be attributed to the effect of shading on the number of fruits per node and possibly the number of fruit-bearing nodes, as already pointed out.…”

“…Manipulation of the number of trees per unit land area aims among other things the establishment of an adequate leaf area index for crop production, with an apparent optimal value about 7-8 for several cultivars of arabica coffee (Kuguru et al, 1978;Arcila and Chaves, 1995;Martinez et al, 2007). However, the optimal plant density for arabica coffee depends on several factors including cultivars, availability of water and nutrients, and air evaporative demand and temperature.…”

Growth and yield of Coffea arabica L. in Northwest Fluminense: 2nd harvest

“…Carvalho et al (2010) evaluated the initial performance of 25 varieties of arabica coffee in the spacing of 3.5 × 0.7 m in three regions of Minas Gerais and report that the characteristics that showed higher phenotypic correlation with yield were the number of plagioropic branches, plant height and length of plagiotropic branches . Martinez et al (2007) studied four cultivars of arabica coffee in the city of Ervália -MG, and report that in the spacing of 2.5 × 0.75 m, the correlation between production and the number of plagiotropic branches was not significant at 48 months after planting. The vegetative characteristics of coffee satisfactorily explained the variation in productivity.…”