Crime scripting: A systematic review

Dehghanniri, Hashem; Borrion, Hervé

doi:10.1177/1477370819850943

Cited by 59 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Crime scripts have been proposed as a methodology to analyse relatively various categories of crimes (Cornish 1993;Borrion 2013;Dehghanniri and Borrion 2019). A crime script describes a sequence of steps involved in a specific crime: precursors, transactions, and the aftermath.…”

Section: Crime Scriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crime script analysis has been used to study a wide range of specific crimes (Cornish 1993). Scripts have been applied relatively often to cybercrime and fraud, perhaps because these are often slightly more complex crimes (for a review see Dehghanniri and Borrion (2019)). In the present study, an important goal of our script is to gauge the amount of effort put into each specific form of fraud.…”

Section: Crime Scriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fraud against businesses both online and offline: crime scripts, business characteristics, efforts, and benefits

2020

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This study analyses 300 cases of fraudulent activities against Dutch businesses, 100 from each of the following three categories: CEO-fraud, fraudulent contract, and ghost invoice. We examine crime scripts, key characteristics of targeted businesses, and the relationship between input criminal effort and output financial benefit. Results indicate that whilst all CEO-frauds are conducted online, most of the fraudulent contracts and ghost invoices are undertaken via offline means. Both Routine Activity Theory and Rational Choice Model are evidenced-fraudsters clearly take the business size and seasonality into account, and the input criminal effort and output criminal benefit are positively correlated. Having vigilant employees is evidenced as the most effective way of fraud prevention, both online and offline.

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Section: Crime Scriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crime Scriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fraud against businesses both online and offline: crime scripts, business characteristics, efforts, and benefits

2020

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“…Although Dehghanniri and Borrion’s (2019) systematic review found the pool of existing crime scripts to cover a broad range of crime types, they also conclude that existing literature lacks depth. These authors predict “a change of direction might be observed, with the generation and quantitative analysis of multiple and more detailed scripts (that is, tracks) for each crime type” (p. 15).…”

Section: Review Of Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cognitive science has employed script analysis since at least the 1970s (see Abelson, 1976; Schank & Abelson, 1977), and crime scripts have since emerged as a key analytical tool in the field of criminal justice. A recent systematic review by Dehghanniri and Borrion (2019) has shown that crime scripting has been especially popular over the past 5 years, with 52% of the 416 identified articles published since 1994 being published between 2014 and 2018. Dehghanniri and Borrion identified 105 original scripts within the 416 articles.…”

Section: Review Of Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Predictors of a Drug Offender Crime Script: A Systematic Social Observation of Google Street View Images and CCTV Footage

Sytsma

Connealy

Piza

2020

Crime & Delinquency

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The extent to which environmental context has been considered when developing crime scripts has been limited to descriptions of the locations offenders visit during the crime. This research contributes a description of the environmental characteristics of an open-air drug market and identifies environmental facilitators and inhibitors toward offender actions during a drug-selling crime script. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera footage is combined with Google Street View images to determine whether physical disorder, decay, and “crime generators” characterize the drug market under study. There is little evidence to suggest that the former two dimensions influence the crime sequence; however, crime generators such as retail facilities and bars and liquor stores are environmental facilitators toward a drug-selling crime script; and transit locations, corner stores, and public parks are environmental inhibitors toward the script.

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“…A systematic review by Dehghanniri and Borrion (2019) of crime types covered by 105 crime scripts (a concept elaborated in the next section) from 1994 to 2018 revealed that the highest number of crime scripts have been constructed for cybercrime, followed by corruption and fraud offences, robbery and theft offences, and the lowest number for sexual offences. Unlike the more extensive crime scripting of pure cybercrime/cyberfocused crime (where the targets are data, computers, networks or similar) and traditional crime in the offline world, crime scripting of cyber-enabled/technology-facilitated/cyber-dependent crime is scant, as is scripting of cyber-enabled/technology-facilitated/cyber-dependent sexual crime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crime script analysis for adult image-based sexual abuse: a study of crime intervention points for retribution-style offenders

O'Hara

Mazerolle

et al. 2020

Crime Sci

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Objective This research uses crime scripts to understand adult retribution-style image-based sexual abuse (RS-IBSA) offender decision-making and offending in offline and online environments. We explain the crime-commission process of adult RS-IBSA and identify crime intervention points at eight crime script stages. Methods Publicly released court transcripts of adult RS-IBSA prosecution cases (n = 18) in New Zealand from 2015 to 2018 were utilised to examine the crime-commission process of adult RS-IBSA. We analysed the court transcripts thematically at offence-level prior to constructing the crime scripts. Findings The study identified four types of adult RS-IBSA acts including the non-consensual dissemination of a victim’s intimate images, violent cyber sextortion, covert intimate photography, and unauthorised access of a victim’s phone/media. From our analysis, we identified three script tracks and constructed three distinct crime scripts: (1) threats, sextortion and dissemination; (2) unauthorised access of a victim’s mobile device and dissemination; and (3) covert intimate filming. We highlight areas for potential intervention for law enforcement agencies and policy makers to increase deterrence and personal security in online and offline spaces. Conclusion Adult RS-IBSA occurs in a range of dating and domestic contexts. This study develops crime scripts for adult RS-IBSA and advances our understanding of how the Internet/smartphones/digital media translates into virtual crime scenes with opportunities for maximum harm infliction. We offer several policy implications including revising current RS-IBSA legislation and supporting law enforcement agencies with policing online and offline intimate relationship spaces through situational prevention.

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Crime scripting: A systematic review

Cited by 59 publications

References 103 publications

Fraud against businesses both online and offline: crime scripts, business characteristics, efforts, and benefits

Fraud against businesses both online and offline: crime scripts, business characteristics, efforts, and benefits

Environmental Predictors of a Drug Offender Crime Script: A Systematic Social Observation of Google Street View Images and CCTV Footage

Crime script analysis for adult image-based sexual abuse: a study of crime intervention points for retribution-style offenders

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